Spindle cell carcinoma is a rare biphasic tumor consisting of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Presence of this tumor type in the tongue has rarely been reported. Herein, a case of 55-year-old woman who presented with a polypoid lesion at her tongue has been reported. Surgery was performed and pathologic examination revealed a spindle cell carcinoma. We present this rare tumor with an unusual location to contribute in part to the better understanding and awareness of this rare malignancy.

The objective of the study was to reveal if mometasone furoate nasal spray as monotherapy or combined with long-term oral clarithromycin have influence on biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps. The study is a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary referral hospital. Thirty-four patients with chronic rhinosinusitis completed the study. In the first group, 19 patients received mometasone furoate nasal spray 200 μg once daily for 8 weeks. In the second group, 15 patients received oral clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 2 weeks and continued once daily 250 mg tablet for subsequent 6 weeks, plus mometasone furoate. Scanning electron microscopy was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included computerized tomography and sinonasal outcome test-20 items. Mucosal biofilms were detected in 23 of 34 (68%) patients on pretreatment polyp samples. After the treatment, biofilms disappeared in 1 of 11 patients in the first group, whereas the eradication of biofilms was evident in 6 of 12 (50%) patients in the second group. Tomography scores improved in eight patients of each group (42.1 and 53.4%, respectively). The comparison of improvements did not reveal significant difference between the groups. The overall symptom scores improved compared to the baseline levels. The mean changes of -8.8421 and -11.4000 in the first and second group, respectively, were not statistically different. Adding long-term low-dose oral macrolides to nasal steroids was effective in the eradication of biofilm. However, we were not able to demonstrate that combined therapy was superior in terms of the improvement in tomography and symptom scores.

The prevalence of biofilms in CRS without polyps was 75% in our study. Regression of biofilms to 43% was observed under medical treatment. Adding nasal steroids to macrolides gave no further benefit.

Although performing pCLND with TT seems to have an advantage over TT alone as to achieve lower Tg levels in the early post-operative period, Tg levels become comparable following RAI ablation. On the other hand, the patients who have not been treated with adjuvant RAI ablation, also became athyroglobulinemic regardless of the surgical method.

Objectives: The majority of thyroid nodules are discovered incidentally, and the management may be a challenge if the fine needle aspiration specimen yields indeterminate findings. Our aim was to develop an individualized risk prediction model to provide an accurate estimate of cancer risk in patients with cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods: Clinical records, ultrasound images, and cytopathology reports of patients who underwent thyroidectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictive ability of each variable for malignancy, and a nomogram was built by integrating patients’ age, multiplicity of nodules, cytology results, and suspicious ultrasound features, such as microcalcifications and irregular margins. Results: For the 233 indeterminate nodules according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, the malignancy rates of the subgroups “atypia of undetermined significance,” “suspicious follicular neoplasia,” and “suspicious for malignancy” were 44.3, 47.7, and 88.0%, respectively. It was found that the Bethesda category “suspicious for malignancy,” microcalcifications, and irregular margins were independent risk factors for malignancy. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.784, which suggested that the presented nomogram had considerable discriminative performance. Conclusions: The nomogram developed in our study accurately predicts the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology by using clinical, cytological, and ultrasonographic features.