Background: Migraine is a common neurological disorder, characterized by a complex physiopathology. We analyzed brain structural differences in migraine and the possible pathogenetic mechanism underlying this disease.Methods: We assessed brain structure in migraine patients, 14 with aura (MA) and 14 migraine without aura, (MO) compared with health subjects (HS) by using (VBM) approach.Results: Total cerebral GMV showed a significant difference between MA and HS (p=0.03), and between MO and HS (p=0.003). In addition, there was a significative difference trend between MA and MO (p=0.05) groups. We found three clusters of regions which showed significant GMV reduction in MA compared with MO. MA subjects showed a decrease of GMV in 4 clusters if compared with HS, and MO subjects showed a decrease of GMV in 3 clusters if compared with HS. We observed that MA and MO patients had a significant reduction of GMV in the frontal and temporal lobe and the cerebellum, if compared to HS. The bilateral fusiform gyrus and the cingulate gyrus were increased in MO patients compared with HS.Conclusion: Our findings could provide a new instrumental approach to understand possible differences in the pathogenesis of 2 type of migraine.