BackgroundThis study aimed to extend clinical documentation of cerebral calculi by reporting six cases of cerebral calculi with distinct etiologies and localizations. MethodsWe evaluated the age, sex distribution, presenting symptoms, neurological examination findings, pathology results, and location of the calcifications of six patients with intracranial calcifications.ResultsThree of the six patients with brain stones were female (50%), and three were male (50%). The patient ages ranged from 12 to 46 years. A radiological examination of each patient’s cranium was performed with pre-operative cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. All of the lesions were completely excised. The patients’ pathologies were determined to be distinct hyalinization, dystrophic calcification, hamartoma, ossification developing from widespread pituitary adenoma tissue, benign mesenchymal neoplasia, a mass consisting of sporadically ossified fibrous tissue, and angiomatous meningioma with distinct hyalinization and fibrosis.ConclusionsIntracranial calcifications are a common phenomenon in neurosurgical practice. However, brain stones, as well as solid calcifications also termed cerebral calculi, are rarely encountered. Brain stones can be classified on the basis of their etiology and localization. Additionally, we suggest that lesions smaller than 1 cm might be classified as calcifications and those greater than 1 cm as brain stones. We further suggest that the differentiation between calcification and brain stones might be based on size. These pathologies typically manifest as seizures and are occasionally identified during routine brain tomography. Meningiomas constitute an important portion of extra-axial calcifications, whereas tumorous and vascular causes are more prevalent among intra-axial calcifications.

Intracranial hydatid cyst is a rare entity, comprising about 2–3% of all hydatid cysts. Similarly, intracranial hydatid cysts account for 1–2% of all intracranial lesions. Clinical symptoms are generally nonspecific and patients usually present with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Cerebral hydatid cysts can be either primary or secondary to systemic hydatid disease. Primary cerebral hydatid cysts are usually solitary, unilocular with an intraparenchymal location. Intraventricular extension of hydatid cysts account for a limited percentage of all cerebral hydatid cysts with limited number of cases reported. Herein, we present the imaging and surgical findings of a primary cerebral hydatid cyst that is located in frontal lobe parenchyma with partial extension into the ventricular system.

Amniotic band syndrome is a group of sporadic congenital anomalies that involve the limbs, craniofacial regions and trunk, ranging from simple digital band constriction to complex craniofacial and central nervous system abnormalities. Placento-cranial adhesions in amniotic band syndrome are extremely rare, and severe conditions are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, we pooled placento-cranial adhesion case reports that were published in the medical literature and added an unpublished case from our institution. The purpose of this article was to review and discuss the clinical features and outcomes of placento-cranial adhesions in amniotic band syndrome.

Background: Cephalohematoma is collection of blood between skull and periosteum that is confined by cranial sutures. Cephalohematomas usually resorb spontaneously within the first month of life; however, if it fails to resolve, ossified cephalohematoma may form. Methods: Clinical archiving system and picture archiving and communication system were retrospectively reviewed for cases of birth-related cephalohematoma. Cases of ossified cephalohematomas identified on imaging were retrieved from this subset of patients. Cross-sectional imaging findings in patients with ossified cephalohematomas were evaluated for location, size of the hematoma, and contours of the inner lamella. Results: Out of 115 cases of cephalohematoma, 7 cases had imaging findings consistent with ossified cephalohematoma. All ossified cephalohematomas were located parietally, with size ranging between 18 and 55 mm and the thickness of the outer rim of calcification ranging between 1.5 and 4.8 mm. The contour of inner lamella in relation to the surrounding normal cranial vault was normal in 5 cases, and inner lamella was depressed in 2 cases. Three patients had follow-up imaging available for demonstration of changes in ossified cephalohematoma. The first case was an 11 day-old boy with a cephalohematoma with no signs of calcification at the time of initial imaging. Follow-up at 2 months of age showed partial regression of hematoma cavity with marked calcification at the hematoma walls. The second case was a 3 month-old boy with ossified cephalohematoma at initial imaging. Follow-up imaging at 7 months of age showed almost total regression of hematoma cavity, and approximation of inner and outer lamella with increased thickness of the cranial vault. The third case was a 1 month-old boy with ossified cephalohematoma at initial imaging that totally resolved without residual increased bone thickness at 21-month follow-up. Conclusion: These 3 cases demonstrate the variability in temporal changes that may occur in ossified cephalohematomas.

Kafa travmaları çocuk acil servislere başvurunun en sık nedenlerinden biridir ve mortalite ve morbiditenin önemli bir nedenidir. Kafa travmalı hastalarda bilgisayarlı beyin tomografisi (BBT) travmatik beyin hasarını belirlemede altın standart tanı yöntemidir. Ancak BBT'nin radyasyon riski ve çekilebilmesi için çocuklarda sedasyon gerekliliği nedeniyle yol açabileceği zararlar göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız hafif kafa travmalı çocuklarda BBT'nin gerekliliğini tartışmaktır.