Background/Objective Unwanted mental intrusions (UMIs), typically discussed in relation to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), are highly prevalent, regardless of the specific nationality, religion, and/or cultural context. Studies have also shown that UMIs related to Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), Illness anxiety/Hypochondriasis (IA-H), and Eating Disorders (EDs) are commonly experienced. However, the influence of culture on these UMIs and their transdiagnostic nature has not been investigated. Method Participants were 1,473 non-clinical individuals from seven countries in Europe, the Middle-East, and South America. All the subjects completed the Questionnaire of Unpleasant Intrusive Thoughts, which assesses the occurrence and discomfort of four UMI contents related to OCD, BDD, IA-H, and EDs, and symptom questionnaires on the four disorders. Results Overall, 64% of the total sample reported having experienced the four UMIs. The EDs intrusions were the most frequently experienced, whereas hypochondriacal intrusions were the least frequent but the most disturbing. All the UMIs were significantly related to each other in frequency and disturbance, and all of them were associated with clinical measures of OCD, BDD, IA-H, and EDs. Conclusions UMIs are a common phenomenon across different cultural contexts and operate transdiagnostically across clinically different disorders.

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ÖzSanal gerçeklik, bireyin duyularını yanıltarak fiziksel olarak sanal ortamın içindeymiş gibi hissetmesine olanak sağlayan üç boyutlu bilgisayar grafikleri temelli teknolojilerin kullanıldığı görece yeni bir maruz bırakma aracıdır. Sanal gerçeklik çalışmalarının son yıllarda klinik psikoloji alanında da yaygınlaştığı; sanal gerçekliğe dayalı terapilerin başta anksiyete bozuklukları olmak üzere geniş bir yelpazede uygulama alanına sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Sanal gerçekliğin zihinsel imgelemeye kıyasla daha gerçekçi olduğu ve daha güçlü bir "orada olma" hissi yarattığı; yaşantısal maruz bırakmaya kıyasla ise daha güvenli bir başlangıç noktası olduğu, daha kullanışlı ve kontrollü bir şekilde uygulanabildiği belirtilmektedir. Bu derleme makalesinde anksiyete bozukluklarında (özgül fobi, panik bozukluk ve agorafobi, yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu, sosyal fobi), travma sonrası stres bozukluğunda ve obsesif-kompulsif bozuklukta sanal gerçekliğe dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen maruz bırakma çalışmalarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Anahtar sözcükler: Sanal gerçeklik, anksiyete bozuklukları, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk. AbstractVirtual reality is a relatively new exposure tool that uses three-dimensional computer-graphicsbased technologies which allow the individual to feel as if they are physically inside the virtual environment by misleading their senses. As virtual reality studies have become popular in the field of clinical psychology in recent years, it has been observed that virtual-reality-based therapies have a wide range of application areas, especially on anxiety disorders. Studies indicate that virtual reality can be more realistic than mental imagery and can create a stronger feeling of "presence"; that it is a safer starting point compared to in vivo exposure; and that it can be applied in a more practical and controlled manner. The aim of this review is to investigate exposure studies based on virtual reality in anxiety disorders (specific phobias, panic disorder and agoraphobias, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia), posttraumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.