The p53 protein is a tumor suppressor encoded by the TP53 gene and consists of 393 amino acids with four main functional domains. This protein responds to various cellular stresses to regulate the expression of target genes, thereby causing DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, metabolic changes, and aging. Mutations in the TP53 gene and the functions of the wild-type p53 protein (wtp53) have been linked to various human cancers. Eight TP53 gene mutations are located in codons, constituting 28% of all p53 mutations. The p53 can be used as a biomarker for tumor progression and an excellent target for designing cancer treatment strategies. In wild-type p53-carrying cancers, abnormal signaling of the p53 pathway usually occurs due to other unusual settings, such as high MDM2 expression. These differences between cancer cell p53 and normal cells have made p53 one of the most important targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we have dealt with various issues, such as the relative contribution of wild-type p53 loss of function, including transactivation-dependent and transactivation-independent activities in oncogenic processes and their role in cancer development. We also discuss the role of p53 in the process of ferroptosis and its targeting in cancer treatment. Finally, we focus on p53-related drug delivery systems and investigate the challenges and solutions.

Type II diabetes is a common metabolic disorder that is specified by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin action. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a medicinal plant (leaves, flower, and seeds) used traditionally as antidiabetic. This study is designed to investigate the short-term antidiabetic action of alfalfa leaves powder in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. 12 volunteers suffering from type II diabetes were undertaken besides 12 healthy individuals. The subjects were divided into four groups including healthy control, diabetic control, which received an only meal, and the third and fourth groups were healthy and diabetic subjects which received alfalfa leaves powder within the meal. A standard test meal was supplemented with 8 g of alfalfa. The results showed that alfalfa leaves significantly (P = 0.03) reduces blood sugar 2 h after meal from 344.4 mg/dl to 300.75 mg/dl in the diabetic subject, in addition to the elevation of serum insulin levels (P = 0.02) at 30 min and elevation further creased (P = 0.06) at 120 min. This finding suggested that alfalfa leaves could be applied as a therapy against Type II diabetes.

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The current study is designed to investigate the in vivo action of ginger- thyme combined crude extract on hyperglycemia and obesity related measurements in sucrose induced chronic hyperglycemia experimental model in albino male rats. Twenty-five male albino rats were divided into five groups (N=5 for each); First group was regarded as control which consists of rats feed with normal diet and water ad libitum, while second group was the model which consists of rats fed with high sucrose fed (HSF) (50%sucrose). and other three groups were rats which treated with three different doses of ginger-thyme combination extract (125mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg ). Animals were received one dose/day using oral stomach gavage for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected for quantitative determination of glucose levels, Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTTs), serum insulin, Glycohaemoglobin (HbA1c) and various other laboratory analyses such as lipid profiles, in addition to water intake and body weight throughout the study. Significant reduction of blood glucose levels were occurred in all plant combination extract doses compared to Sucrose diet rat model group, especially the medium dose 250mg/kg which found to be the best one. Serum insulin was reduced in the model rats compared to control and treatment groups, while it was increased in all extract treating groups compared to the model group.