The major contribution of this paper is two-folds: (1) we present our novel variable-length system call representation scheme compared to existing fixed-length sequence schemes, and (2) using this representation, we present our in-execution malware detector that can not only identify zero-day malware without any a priori knowledge but can also detect a malicious process while it is executing. Our representation scheme -a more generalized version of n-gram -can be visualized in a k-dimensional hyperspace in which processes move depending upon their sequence of system calls. The process marks its impact in space by generating hyper-grams that are later used to evaluate an unknown process according to their profile. The proposed technique is evaluated on a real world dataset extracted from a Linux System. The results of our analysis show that our in-execution malware detector with hyper-gram representation achieves low processing overheads and improved detection accuracies as compared to conventional n-grams.

Rice bran oil (RBO) is an important product of rice bran. It is considered to be one of the most important nutritious oil due to its favorable fatty acid composition and unique composition of naturally occurring biologically active antioxidant compounds. This study was designed to monitor the effects of oral intake of RBO on stress response in rats. RBO was extracted using hexane. Rats were divided into Control and test (RBO-treated). RBO-treated rats were given 0.2 ml/day RBO for 6 weeks. Food intake and body weight changes were monitored weekly. After 6 weeks open field activity and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test were performed. Results showed that weekly cumulative food intake but not body weight were lower in RBO-treated rats during 1st to 5th week of treatment, which were normalized at the end of treatment. Exploratory activity of RBO-treated rats in an open field was increased. Spatial memory in Morris water maze was enhanced in RBO-treated than control rats. An episode of 2 h restraint stress decreased the 24 h food intake of both control and RBO-treated animals. Behavioral deficits were lower in RBO-treated rats. Exposure of 2 h restraint stress increased brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) metabolism. These increases were lower in RBO-treated restrained than their respective control animals. Serotonergic neurotransmitter mechanism is implicated in stress. The findings of the study show beneficial effects of RBO in learning and memory functions. Moreover, the study also highlights the attenuating effect of RBO on stress induced behavioral and neurochemical effects in rats.

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