The progenies of transgenic lines Bt-14 and Bt-17 developed as an independent transformation event from a local cotton variety CIM-482 harboring two insecticidal genes (cry1Ac & cry2a) were evaluated to determine resistance against lepidopterans, mainly Helicoverpa armigera L. under field conditions. The standard molecular techniques, i.e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western dot blot were used to confirm gene presence and expression level of transformed Bt gene, and its transfer pattern to further progeny. PCR confirmed integration of insecticidal gene in most of the plants in transgenic progeny, while expression of Bt gene quantified by ELISA and western dot blot showed variation in cry1Ac expression levels but interestingly, it conferred full protection against targeted insect pests. The leaf bioassays were conducted to determine the effectiveness of Bt genes against Helicoverpa armigera by calculating the mortality percentage of larvae. Most of the transgenic lines showed 70-100% mortality % age of Helicoverpa armigera. The agronomic characteristics of the transgenic lines were also recorded along with non transgenic control variety CIM-482. Morphological, agronomic and fibre data of these transgenic lines was recorded and analyzed statistically. Our results show that these transgenic lines (especially Bt-17 line) are promising cotton germplasm to be used in an efficient breeding programme.

Pyrazinamide is use for the treatment of tuberculosis in all over the world. Bio kinetics deals with the mathematical description of drug changes in the body with time function. This study was designed to investigate the bio kinetics of Pyrazinamide after oral administration of Pyrazinamide (25mg) tablet in 10 healthy volunteers. The blood samples of each volunteer were collected from 0.5 to 12 hours at different time intervals after the medication. The concentration of Pyrazinamide in plasma samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantitative observations were recorded that include the mean ± SD value of absorption rate constant (Ka), time to peak (T max ) and peak concentration (C max ) were 0.38 ± 0.25/h, 2.248 ± 0.64 h and 4.165 ± 2.13µg/mL, respectively. The mean ± SD values of absorption half-life (t 1/2 α) and elimination half-life (t 1/2 β) were 2.078 ± 1.678h and 0.2908 ± 1.721 hours. The mean ± SD values of volume of distribution and total body clearance were 40 ± 27.4L and 3.351 ± 1.27 h, respectively. Mean residue time (MRT) showed mean ± SD and area under curve (AUC) were 17.23 ± 12.78 h and 90.4 ± 76.2 h.mg/L, respectively.