(i) Objective: Changes in the mesiodistal axial angulations of teeth with orthodontic treatment have been a topic of interest in orthodontics for many years, although it has not been clarified enough yet. Therefore, this present study aimed to compare mesiodistal axial angulations of canine and first molar teeth by measuring from pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs in different types of orthodontic malocclusions. (ii) Materials and Methods: In the study, the mesiodistal axial angulation angles of the lower–upper canines (teeth numbered 13, 23, 33, and 43) and first molars (teeth numbered 16, 26, 36, and 46) were compared on panoramic radiographs taken pre- (T0) and post- (T1) orthodontic treatment of 353 patients: 237 female (mean age 14.74 ± 2.96) and 116 male (mean age 14.44 ± 2.50), who had not received any prior orthodontic treatment. The groups were formed according to pre-/post-treatment, gender, angle classification, skeletal classification, bilaterally first premolar extraction/non-extraction, and the use/non-use of miniscrews in the extraction cases. The mesiodistal angulations between the long axes of both the lower and upper canines and first molars and the interorbital plane were measured separately and recorded. The reliability analysis between the repeated measurements was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). For statistical analysis, a paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon test were used for the normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively. For the between-groups comparison, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for normally distributed data, while the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for non-normally distributed data. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. (iii) Results: ICCs showed excellent reliability, ranging from 0.804 to 0.913 in other teeth, yet were good in tooth 43 (ICC = 0.712). Regardless of the groups, statistically significant differences were found between the T0 and T1 angulations for all teeth, except teeth 13 and 16. In all groups, the increase in the angulations of teeth 33 and 43 and the decrease in the angulations of teeth 36 and 46 (except skeletal class 3) were found to be statistically significant. The T0 and T1 angulation changes in the miniscrews in the used and non-used groups in extraction cases were similar to the differences found in all teeth, regardless of the groups. There was no significant difference between gender, skeletal classes, and angle classes in the amounts of change in the mesiodistal angulations. (iv) Conclusion: It was concluded that orthodontic treatment caused significant changes in the mesiodistal axial angulation of the canine and the first molar teeth. Furthermore, the fact that the angulations tended to increase in the lower canine teeth and decrease in the lower first molar teeth revealed the importance of tooth movement control, especially in orthodontic mechanics in the mandibula.

The aim of this study was to compare the demineralizations of the enamel surfaces around different types of orthodontic brackets in an artificial cariogenic environment. A total of 90 extracted human maxillary first premolar teeth were used in this in vitro study. The teeth were divided into 6 groups, 5 study and 1 control, each consisting of 15 samples. Victory metal, Gemini metal, Clarity self-ligating ceramic, APC Clarity Advanced ceramic and Clarity Advanced ceramic brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) used in the study groups were bonded to the teeth with the direct technique. The gingival, occlusal and proximal enamel surfaces adjacent to the brackets were measured with a DIAGNOdent pen (KaVo, Biberach, Germany) (T0). Then, the teeth were placed in a cariogenic suspension environment containing Streptococcus mutans, sucrose and artificial saliva. The teeth were removed from the cariogenic suspension at the end of 28 days. Enamel surfaces were remeasured with DIAGNOdent and the values were recorded (T1). Whether the obtained data were homogeneously distributed or not was determined by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, within-group comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon test, and between-group comparisons were performed with Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Significance level was accepted as p < 0.05. In all groups, the demineralization values of the enamel surfaces in the gingival, proximal and occlusal surfaces adjacent to the brackets were significantly higher in the T1 period than in the T0 period (p < 0.05). In the T1 period of Gemini metal, Clarity self-ligating ceramic and Clarity advanced ceramic bracket groups, the demineralization values of the proximal enamel surfaces were found to be significantly higher than the Victory metal and APC Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups (p < 0.05). In the T1 period, the demineralization values of the occlusal enamel surfaces of the Victory metal, APC Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups and control group were significantly lower than the Gemini metal, Clarity self-ligating ceramic and Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups (p < 0.05). Significant increases in enamel demineralization values were observed as a consequence of increased retention areas for microbial dental plaque on enamel surfaces adjacent to the bracket. Considering the importance of minimizing enamel demineralization in fixed orthodontic treatments, less enamel demineralization in Victory metal and APC Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups showed that these brackets can be preferred in patients with poor oral hygiene.

Endodontik tedaviler ortodontik tedavi için bir kontrendikasyon oluşturmadığı için endodontik tedavi görmüş dişler ortodontik olarak hareket ettirilebilir. Bununla birlikte, endodontik ve ortodontik tedaviler arasındaki kesin ilişki hakkında literatürde veri eksikliği mevcut olup, bu ilişki ortodontik tedavinin pulpa ve periyodonsiyumda neden olduğu çeşitli etkilerden oluşur. Kök kanal dolgu materyalinin periapikal dokularda çok az ya da hiç irritasyona neden olmayacak şekilde tamamen kanal içinde olduğu durumlarda periapikal ve/veya pulpa lezyonu hemen iyileşmeye başlar. Apikal periyodontal onarım bu iyileşme sonrası başlamakla birlikte, kök kanalı sızıntısı veya rezin, silikon, çinko oksit öjenol, biyoseramik veya güta-perka gibi kök kanal dolgu materyallerinin periapikal bölgede kalması durumunda yabancı cisim granülomlarının oluşması tetiklenir. Bu granülomlar diş hareketini engellemese de, üç ayda bir periapikal radyografilerle konumları kontrol edilmeli ve daimi kanal dolgusunun da ortodontik tedavi tamamlanana kadar ertelenmesiyle psödo aşırı doldurma önlenebilir. Bu nedenle, pulpa hasarını kısıtlamak ve hatta iyileşmesine yardımcı olmak amacıyla istenen diş hareketini sağlayacak optimal kuvvet uygulanması önerilir. Ayrıca, ortodontik tedaviden önce endodontik tedavili dişlerin hem klinik hem de radyografik olarak periapikal durumunun kapsamlı değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu derlemede, endodontik ve ortodontik tedavilerde kök rezorpsiyonu etkisi, tedavi planlamasında dikkat edilmesi gerekenler ve hasta yönetimi hakkında güncel bilimsel kanıtlar gözden geçirilerek konu hakkında bilgi düzeyinin arttırılması amaçlanmıştır.