In this paper, we have comparatively analyzed two subspecies of Origanum vulgare (O. vulgare ssp. hirtum and O. vulgare ssp. vulgare) in climatic conditions with higher than usual temperatures from the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection Chisinau, Rep. Moldova. The aim of the research was to study the producing capacity, content, composition of essential oil, as well as the polyphenols content in O. vulgare varieties, their drought testing and the selection of promising cultivars. Seven O. vulgare ssp. vulgare (Ov) varieties and fourteen O. vulgare ssp. hirtum (Oh) varieties were used as the biological material. The essential oil (EO) separated by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC-MS techniques. The polyphenolic content was assessed using spectrophotometric techniques. The presence of a direct correlation between the content, production of essential oil and content of polyphenols has been highlighted. Thus, the varieties of O. vulgare ssp. hirtum demonstrate a higher content of essential oil than the varieties of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare, while the polyphenol content, on the other hand, is higher for the varieties of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare than for those of O. vulgare ssp. hirtum. This research has resulted in the selection of two varieties, i.e., “Savoare” of O. vulgare ssp. hirtum and “Panacea” of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare.

The varieties of L. angustifolia created are differ by terms of technical maturation: early - Moldoveanca 4, Favoare); (intermediates - Vis Magic 10, Aroma Unica); (late-Alba 7 and Svetlana). They are distinctive by a string of quantitative and qualitative characters (plant size, bush shape, inflo-rescence length, corolla color, floral spike length, floral stem length, number of floral stems, etc.). The productivity of these clone varieties varies depending on the annual cultivation conditions from 5.2 t/ha to 10.4 t/ha raw material production and 75-179 kg/ha essential oil production.

The microscopic and citochemistry study denotes 3 types of glandular trichomes (peltate, capitates type I and type II), implicated in the synthesis of the metabolites, including volatile oils (with biological and protective role) and one type of non-glandular trichomes with the potential adaptive role to stressors in 7 new genotypes (4 cultivars – Moldoveanca 4, Vis Magic 10, Alba 7, Aroma Unica and 3 hybrids – Fr.5S8-24, Fr.8-5-15V and Cr.13S-6-7) of sp. Lavandula angustifolia Mill., spp. angustifolia. The degree of development and distribution mode of both types of trichomes (glandular and non-glandular) varies according organs (stem, leaf, bract, flower calyx and corolla) and genotype.