Background and aim: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension evolved as a major public problem in urban populations of many countries including Nepal, but little is known about its prevalence and risk factors in rural areas. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of and risk factors associated with hypertension.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in November 2017 in a four days health camp where peoples from ward number eight of Suklagandaki municipality of Tanahu district were called for screening of diabetes mellitus. No prior notice was given to the population about screening of hypertension. We screened total of 568 participants. Demographics, anthropometry and two independent blood pressure (BP) readings were taken. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 18.0.Results: A total of 568 individuals were interviewed and taken complete BP, weight and height measurements. More than 1/3rd (36.26%) of the respondents were in age group 18- 39 years with mean age 47.49 ± 16.61. Nearly, 60% of the respondents were female. Whilst 17.3% were smokers and 20% reported drinking alcohol. Overall prevalence of hypertension was 41.55% and this was significantly associated with age, gender, education, size of family, smoking habits, intake of alcohol, presence of diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be high and it has become a important public health issue even in rural part of Nepal. Community screening program, timely detection, lifestyle modification, treatment and prevention are all important to deal
Microcosm experiments were conducted to evaluate the relative toxicity of sediments taken from dredge sites in the Port of Hampton Roads, VA. The multiple species microcosm were designed to allow natural assemblages of zooplankton and benthos to be exposed to dredged materials under more realistic conditions than achieved in bioassays. Changes in community structure and body burdens of contaminants were monitored in the microcosms following “dumps” of the sediments. The biological effects of exposure to dredged materials under the microcosm conditions were subtle. Zooplankton community structure was only affected by treatments involving sediments known to be most contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and metals. Likewise, statistically significant changes were observed in the composition of benthic communities exposed to the most contaminated sediments. Motile forms appeared to have migrated from the contaminated sediments in various degrees while more sedentary species displayed mortalities relative to the controls. Body burden studies indicated that experimental animals did not accumulate significant concentrations of metals or chlorinated hydrocarbons in any of the treatments. However, biota exposed to the contaminated sediments did accumulate certain of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons known to be major pollutants in the port.
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