Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is an infrequent condition that occurs most commonly in children for unknown reasons. Pediatric surgery, otopharyngeal inflammation, general anesthesia, and extreme rotation of the head are risk factors for development of postsurgical AARS, but AARS can often occur unnoticed, and the syndrome is not well known. We encountered three cases of postoperative AARS that occurred within 7 months; therefore, we have developed guidelines for prevention and early treatment of postoperative AARS. Postoperative AARS cannot be eliminated completely, but informed consent, a preoperative check, an appropriate surgical position, and a postoperative check may reduce the risk and damage related to this condition.

A central venous catheter (CVC) is commonly used for intraoperative management by anesthetists and surgeons during major operations, including donor operations for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), in which donor safety is of utmost importance. Reasons for use of CVC for donors include measurement of central venous pressure and drug infusion when necessary. A potentially serious complication of a major operation is pulmonary thromboembolism. We report two cases of LDLT donors complicated by catheter related thrombosis (CRT) of the jugular vein, who were eventually discharged without long-term complications. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report of CRT among LDLT donor population. In this report, in order to minimize the risks related to CRT in LDLT donors, we propose thorough screening for thrombophilic disorders, use of a silicone or polyurethane double-lumen CVC as thin as possible, placement of the tip of the CVC at the superior vena cava via the right jugular vein using ultrasonography as a guide for puncture, and removal of the catheter at the end of the operation based on our experience of CRT among LDLT donors.

25mL We introduces two postoperative cases in which the diagnosis and treatment were difficult in the ICU. Case 1 is a case who had frequent bleeding in thoracic cavity after lung surgery, and was diagnosed as having acquired hemophilia. PT was normal and APTT was prolonged preoperatively. Recombinant activated factor VII, activated prothrombin concentrates and steroid were administered. The inhibitor disappeared and the patient was discharged. Case 2 is a postoperative case of the LVOT stricture release and AVR. The patient had pulmonary hypertension and acute renal failure. PCPS and CHDF were performed. Sildenafil, bosentan and NO were administered, We performed APRV as respiratory management. The patient died of bowel ischemia. The anesthesiologist can influence the patient's outcome by taking part in the diagnosis and treatment in the ICU after the surgery.