Abstract. Reemerged Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea has not yet been eradicated despite continuous governmental efforts. It has rather become an endemic disease. Our study aimed to determine the genetic diversity in P. vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP-1) and circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP) genes over an extended period after its reemergence to its current status. Sequence analysis of PvMSP-1 gene sequences from the 632 P. vivax isolates during 1996-2007 indicates that most isolates recently obtained were different from isolates obtained in the initial reemergence period. There was initially only one subtype (recombinant) present but its subtypes have varied since 2000; six MSP-1 subtypes were recently found. A similar variation was observed by CSP gene analysis; a new CSP subtype was found. Understanding genetic variation patterns of the parasite may help to analyze trends and assess extent of endemic malaria in South Korea.

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In this paper, the design process of brushless DC (BLDC) motor adopting the dual rotor structure that can reduce the overall size of the motor while generating the same torque as the conventional permanent magnet BLDC motor is analyzed. A simple size is selected by obtaining the torque per rotor volume (TRV), and a method of matching the counter electromotive force by selecting the pole-arc of the magnet through a magnetic equivalent circuit is analyzed. Since the efficiency is low because the 120-degree commutation method is selected, the middle stator is optimized through detailed design through the experimental design method. Afterwards, it has the advantage of being able to shift without stopping due to the characteristic of a dual rotor. For this, an analysis of the driving characteristics for each mode is performed.

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Background/ Objectives: Apply the electromagnetic multi-step transmission method to expand the average efficiency area of electric vehicles. In this paper, analyze the influence of torque caused by shift shock due to electromagnetic multi-shift. Methods/ Statistical analysis: Research has been conducted to extend the average efficiency range of the motor by applying the electromagnetic multi-step transmission method. In addition, we analyze the effects of shift shocks on the torque of the motor through finite element analysis methods(FEM) analysis. Findings: In this paper, we study the characteristic analysis of the electromagnetic multi-step transmission method of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor. In addition, we analyzed the influence of the shift shock due to the electromagnetic multi-shift on the torque. It has been confirmed that the average efficiency section of the motor is widened by the electromagnetic multi-step transmission method, and it has been confirmed that the difference in the voltage in the shift section adversely affects the torque of the motor. It has been confirmed that the influence on the torque is different based on the shift point. Improvements/ Applications: Analyzes and derives attributes thought FEM analysis using voltage source analysis and current source analysis.