Fish larvae suffer high starvation mortality during the transition from yolk absorption to exogenous feeding, and the size of the developing buccal structures limits the food they can consume. Determining the suitable timing and size of live or inert foods could decrease this mortality. We described mouth development and determined the yolk absorption rate and point-of-no-return (PNR) of Dormitator latifrons larvae. One male and one female specimen were induced to spawn using salmon GnRHa implants, and 45 of their larvae were sedated and observed under a microscope every 24 h to measure total length, standard length, yolk sac length, yolk sac width, oil globule length, oil globule width, width of the oesophagus, and length of the upper and lower jaw longitudinal. The growth model, maximum mouth opening, daily survival, and starvation period were determined. The larval growth was fastest during the first 24 h post−hatching (HPH) at 28 ± 1 °C with an average increase of 625.42 µm in total length and 573.51 µm in standard length. The highest percentage of yolk absorption (52%) occurred within 24 HPH and at 96 HPH the yolk sac was completely reabsorbed. The PNR was reached at 156.41 HPH (p < 0.05). At 96 HPH, the upper and lower jaw were distinguishable by mouth movements. Our results suggest that the larvae of D. latifrons should be fed at 96 HPH with prey measuring 50–65 µm.
Objetivo. Identificar y determinar los parámetros de infección del metacestodo Parvitaenia en diferentes fases de cultivo de chame Dormitator latifrons y evaluar los daños histológicos ocasionados por este parásito. Materiales y métodos. Se revisaron 45 ejemplares, 15 en fase de pre-cría, 15 en pre-engorda y 15 en engorda para identificar el parásito mediante técnicas de parasitología convencional; y se calcularon los parámetros de infección prevalencia e intensidad promedio. Los daños tisulares fueron evaluados fijando fragmentos de hígado y procesados con la técnica de inclusión en parafina. Se evaluó la diferencia entre la intensidad por fase de cultivo mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. La longitud total, peso y factor de condición de Fulton se correlacionó con la intensidad mediante un análisis de correlación lineal. Resultados. Se encontró un total de 29151 cestodos, identificados como Parvitaenia cochlearii. La prevalencia del cestodo fue de 100 % en todas las fases de cultivo. La intensidad promedio varió de 22,4 a 1729,5 individuos y mostró diferencias significativas entre fases de cultivo (KW(2;42) = 36,34; p<0,001). La intensidad mostró una correlación positiva con la longitud total de los peces (r2= 0,45; p<0,05) y con el peso (r2= 0,38; p<0,05). Conclusiones. Este es el primer reporte de P. cochlearii en D. latifrons de cultivo. Nuestros resultados sugieren que existe una tendencia de acumulación de cestodos durante el crecimiento de los chames, siendo mayor la infección en las tallas más grandes, lo cual podría tener implicaciones negativas para el comercio.
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