5BIM has been undergoing continuous growth in the global architecture, engineering, and 6 construction (AEC) industry. However, knowledge development within BIM management is 7 lagging behind its implementation. This study initiates a BIM management-based framework 8 involving BIM climate, which is measured by individual BIM practitioners' perceptions. 9Subgroup comparison is highlighted in measuring perceptions. Regional variance in BIM 10 climate is addressed in applying the framework by adopting an empirical case study within the 11 context of China's AEC industry. The case study uses Shanghai and Wenzhou, which represent 12 a BIM-leading metropolitan city and a BIM-developing counterpart, respectively, for the 13 comparative analysis of BIM climate. Based on data collected from a questionnaire survey sent 14 to BIM practitioners from these two cities, it is revealed that Shanghai, as the BIM-leading city 15 in China, has somewhat significant differences in BIM climate compared with Wenzhou. For 16 example, Shanghai BIM practitioners perceive fewer challenges in BIM training, but higher 17

Risk and uncertainty have continuously troubled the construction industry compared to other industries due to its complexity, magnitude and time consuming characteristic. As the process of risk management involves predicting the unpredictable, it can be expressed as the most vital management tool to cope with project uncertainties. Risk management can be treated as an essential element for creating value to a project and improving project performance in terms of cost, time and quality. However, systematic risk management is not implemented in most of construction companies in Malaysia. Consequently, this situation can ultimately lead to project failure in terms of cost overruns, schedule delays and poor quality performances. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the current practice of risk management in the Malaysian construction industry and attempts to assess the process and various tools/techniques currently used and applied to handle the projects. The data have been obtained through a series of semi-structures interviews from industrial practitioners. Findings conclude that the level of risk management practices in Malaysian construction companies are relatively low and lacks in knowledge on the subject. In addition, only simple tools and techniques are used to identify, analyze, respond, and monitor the risks. Furthermore, the frequency of use of these tools is also found to be very low. Possible cooperation between the academia and industry might improve risk management practice in the Malaysia construction industry. 

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Cost estimating is one of the most important areas in construction project management.Three are various ways to do cost estimating with different efficiencies and possibly with differentaccuracies. In addition it is a complicated process including various activities. Standardized pricebooks will help improve the process and accuracy of cost estimating. However there is no publishedprice book in the Malaysia construction industry. This research has investigated and identified thecurrent practice of estimating in the Malaysia construction industry together with the possibilities ofintroducing a price book to the industry. Primary methods of estimating, efficiency of the currentmethods, significance of activities related to estimating, factors affecting the accuracy of estimatingare investigated through a survey. Further the obstacles in introducing a price book have beenidentified. The survey participants agree that the government should initiate the introduction of a pricebook in the Malaysia construction industry. The outcomes of this research can be also used to improvethe competitive advantages of quantity surveyors, consulting engineers/architects and contractors inrespect to cost estimating for construction projects in Malaysia.

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