A novel fibrillar matrix-producing, rod-shaped, red–orange, asporogenous, aerobic bacterium, designated DK36T, was isolated from roots of a rice plant in the Ilsan region near Dongguk University, South Korea. Cells of strain DK36T were Gram-stain-negative and motile by means of gliding. The temperature and pH ranges for growth were 7–35 °C (optimum: 30 °C) and pH 5–10 (optimum: pH 7.0). The strain did not require NaCl for growth but tolerated up to 8 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic anlaysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that DK36T formed a monophyletic clade with Adhaeribacter aerophilus 6425 S-25T, Adhaeribacter aerolatus 6515 J-31T and Adhaeribacter swui 17mud1-7T with sequence similarities of 96.3, 95.5 and 95.2%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values of strain DK36T with the most closely related strains whose whole genomes are publicly available were 72.5–83.6% and 19–28 %, respectively. The strain showed the typical chemotaxonomic characteristics of the genus Adhaeribacter , with the presence of menaquinone MK-7 as the respiratory quinone, and C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 4 (composed of iso-C17 : 1 I/anteiso-C17 : 1 B) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content based on the draft genome sequence was 43.4 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly revealed that strain DK36T represents a novel species of the genus Adhaeribacter , for which the name Adhaeribacter rhizoryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DK36T (=KACC 19902T=NBRC 113689T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, asporogenous, motile by gliding, dull-yellow, long rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated SNL9T, was isolated from a flooded paddy field near Dongguk University, Republic of Korea. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that SNL9T represents a member of the genus Flavobacterium and is most closely related to Flavobacterium ummariense DS-12T (96.2%) and Flavobacterium viscosum YIM 102796T (96.3%). The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) values with F. ummariense DS-12T and F. viscosum YIM 102796T were 89.3/39.1 and 87.1/33 %, respectively. The major fatty acids of SNL9T were identified as iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16  :  1ω6c and/or C16  :  1ω7c) and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or 10 methyl C16 : 0). SNL9T contained MK-6 as the major respiratory quinone. The polar lipids were phoshatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, three unidentified aminoglycolipids, two unidentified glycolipids and one unidentified phosphoglycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 34.2 mol%. SNL9T produces carotenoid and flexirubin-type pigments. Among them, carotenoids are particularly valuable for the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries due to their antioxidant activity. Aryl polyenes (APE) pigments were also found in SNL9T which are responsible for yellow pigment in bacteria. They are stored in the bacterial membrane and protect the bacteria from oxidative stress, particularly from reactive oxygen species. In this paper, we describe a novel isolate, SNL9T, which protect itself from the attack of free radicals using specific natural products in the membrane. Because of their anti-oxidation properties, aryl polyenes may also be of interest to the cosmetic industry. On the basis of the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, SNL9T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium baculatum sp. nov. is proposed. The type is SNL9T (=KACC 21170T=NBRC 113746T).

Two bacterial strains, designated MJB4T and SJ7T, were isolated from water samples collected from Jeongbang Falls on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains belonged to the genera Nocardioides and Hyunsoonleella , owing to their high similarities to Nocardioides jensenii DSM 29641T (97.5 %) and Hyunsoonleella rubra FA042 T (96.3 %), respectively. These values are much lower than the gold standard for bacterial species (98.7 %). The average nucleotide identity values between strains MJB4T, SJ7T and the reference strains, Nocardioides jensenii DSM 29641T, Nocardioides daejeonensis MJ31T and Hyunsoonleella flava T58T were 77.2, 75.9 and 75.4 %, respectively. Strains MJB4T and SJ7T and the type strains of the species involved in system incidence have average nucleotide identity and average amino acid threshold values of 60.1–82.6 % for the species boundary (95–96 %), which confirms that strains MJB4T and SJ7T represent two new species of genus Nocardioides and Hyunsoonleella , respectively. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strains MJB4T and SJ7T are considered to represent novel species of the genus Nocardioides and Hyunsoonleella , respectively, for which the names Nocardioides donggukensis sp. nov. (type strain MJB4T=KACC 21724T=NBRC 114402T) and Hyunsoonleella aquatilis sp. nov., (type strain SJ7T=KACC 21715T=NBRC 114486T) have been proposed.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences of the type strain 17Sr1-39 T (=KACC 52905 T =NBRC 112874 T) are KY939568 and VDDA00000000, respectively. Six supplementary figures and two supplementary tables are available with the online version of this article.

A new family of dithienosiloles that contain two peripheral triarylamine moieties have been synthesized for use in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The compounds are strongly fluorescent. We studied EL (electroluminescent) properties of these compound in multilayer EL devices having the following structure: ITO/TPD/compound 2b-5b/BCP/Alq 3 / Al:Li (ITO ) indium tin oxide; TPD ) 1,4-bis(phenyl-m-tolylamino)biphenyl; BCP ) 2,9dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; Alq 3 ) tris(8-hydroxyquinolinolato)aluminum (III)). Among the devices, green light-emitting device ITO/TPD/2b/BCP/Alq 3 /Al:Li exhibits the highest EL performance.