Ruminants rely on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as principal energy source. Herein, we compared the effects of propionate, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and insulin on mRNA abundance of energy balance-related genes by short-term incubation (4 h) in bovine subcutaneous (SC) and retroperitoneal (RP) adipose tissue (AT) explants in vitro. Propionate either significantly (p < 0.05), or as a trend (p ≤ 0.1) affected mRNA abundance of genes such as adiponectin system in both depots in treated samples versus controls. Propionate increased adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 mRNA only in SC AT. β-hydroxybutyrate decreased mRNA abundance of adiponectin and AdipoR1 in SC AT as a trend. The mRNA abundance of free fatty acid receptor 2/3 (FFAR2/3) and other genes of interest (GOI) was increased during differentiation in bovine preadipocyte culture. The mRNA abundance of all the GOI remained unchanged after short-term insulin stimulation. In total, propionate, BHB or insulin during short-term treatment exert divergent effects on the mRNA abundance of GOI in both depots in vitro. Our results indicate that the bovine adiponectin system might be more sensitive to propionate than to BHB. We demonstrated the presence of FFAR2/3 mRNA not only in both AT depots but also in differentiating preadipocytes isolated from bovine SC AT. Therefore, we established that SCFA are able to exert insulin-independent effects on bovine adipose tissue, which might be independent from propionate uptake-related events.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-operative intravenous thrombolytic therapy (ivTT) on short term outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) among patients who presented with ischaemic stroke.Methods: A retrospective study using a large population based dataset from the National Vascular Registry in the United Kingdom (UK-NVR). The cohort included adult patients who underwent CEA for ischaemic stroke between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019. NVR records provided information on patient demographics, Rankin score, medication, time from onset of symptoms to surgery and whether the patient received ivTT prior to surgery. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between ivTT and rates of any stroke at 30 days after CEA and in hospital complication rates for neck haematoma. Secondary outcomes included in hospital cardiac and respiratory complications, and cranial nerve injury.Results: Between 2014 and 2019, 9 030 patients presented with a stroke and underwent CEA, of whom 1 055 (11.7%) had received pre-operative ivTT. Those receiving ivTT were younger (mean 70.6 vs. 72.0 years, p < .001). The median (IQR) time from symptom to CEA was 10 days (6 e 17) for ivTT patients and 11 days (7 e 20) for CEA patients not receiving ivTT. Post-operative rates of 30 day stroke were similar between the no ivTT (2.1%) and ivTT (1.8%) cohorts (p = .48). In hospital neck haematomas were statistically significantly more common in CEA patients receiving ivTT (3.7%) vs. no ivTT (2.3%) (p = .006). There was no statistically significant association between 30 day stroke and neck haematoma complications when stratified for delays from symptom onset to CEA, but the overall cohort contained few adverse events for analysis during the very early time period. Conclusion:The use of ivTT before CEA in stroke patients was not associated with an increased risk of 30 day stroke, but there was an increase in the risk of neck haematoma.

Alle Manuskripte sind direkt an die Schriftleitung zu richten. Grundsätzlich werden nur solche Arbeiten angenommen, die vorher weder im Inland noch im Ausland veröffentlicht worden sind. Die Manuskripte dürfen auch nicht gleichzeitig anderen Blättern zum Abdruck angeboten werden. -Mit der Annahme des Manuskriptes erwirbt der Verlag die ausschließliche Nutzung an allen Verwertungsrechten im Sinne der SS 15 if. des Urheberrechtsgesetzes, insbesondere das Recht der Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung sowie der Übersetzung. -Kein Teil der Zeitschrift darf ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages über den in den 5553 und 54 des Urheberrechtsgesetzes gezogenen Rahmen hinaus verwertet werden. Ist gewerblichen Unternehmen die Anfertigung einer fotomechanischen Vervielfältigung (Fotokopie, Mikroskopie) für den innerbetrieblichen Gebrauch nach Maßgabe des zwischen der Inkassostelle für Urheberrechtliche Vervielfältïgungsgebühren GmbH und dem Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie e. V. abgeschlossenen Gesamtvertrag gestattet, so sind die Gebühren durch Wertmarken zu entrichten. Auf jede vervielfältigte Seite ist eine Wertmarke von DM ,15 zu kleben.

Objective: Transcarotid/transcervical revascularisation (TCAR) is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and transfemoral carotid stenting (tfCAS). This review aimed to evaluate pooled data on patients undergoing TCAR.Data sources: Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were used.Review methods: This systematic review was conducted under Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Eligible studies (published online up to September 2020) reported 30 day mortality and stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) rates in patients undergoing TCAR. Data were pooled in a random effects model and weight of effect for each study was also reported. Quality of studies was evaluated according to Newcastle e Ottawa scale.Results: Eighteen studies (three low, seven medium, and eight high quality) included 4 852 patients (4 867 TCAR procedures). The pooled 30 day mortality rate was 0.7% (n = 32) (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5 e 1.0), 30 day stroke rate 1.4% (n = 62) (95% CI 1.0 e 1.7), and 30 day stroke/TIA rate 2.0% (n = 92) (95% CI 1.4 e 2.7). Pooled technical success was 97.6% (95% CI 95.9 e 98.8). The cranial nerve injury rate was 1.2% (95% CI 0.7 e 1.9) (n = 14; data from 10 studies) while the early myocardial infarction (MI) rate was 0.4% (95% CI 0.2 e 0.6) (n = 16; data from 17 studies). The haematoma/bleeding rate was 3.4% (95% CI 1.7 e 5.8) (n = 135; data from 10 studies), with one third of these cases needing drainage or intervention. Within a follow up of 3 e 40 months the restenosis rate was 4% (95% CI 0.1 e 13.1) (data from nine studies; n = 64/530 patients) and death/stroke rate 4.5% (95% CI 1.8 e 8.4) (data from five studies; n = 184/3 742 patients). Symptomatic patients had a higher risk of early stroke/TIA than asymptomatic patients (2.5% vs. 1.2%; odds ratio 1.99; 95% CI 1.01 e 3.92); p = .046; data from eight studies).Conclusion: TCAR is associated with promising early and late outcomes, with symptomatic patients having a higher risk of early cerebrovascular events. More prospective comparative studies are needed in order to verify TCAR as an established alternative treatment technique.

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