There is good evidence that genetic factors are necessary, though by no means sufficient, for the development of schizophrenia. Several studies have compared the incidence of schizophrenia in identical and in fraternal twin pairs: these studies are discussed, for example, in the Medical Research Council Annual Report 1965–66 (pp. 54–61), where Essen-Möller's (1963) cumulative figures are quoted: Identical (MZ) pairs: 69 per cent concordant for schizophrenia (both schizophrenic) (194/280 pairs). Fraternal (DZ) pairs: 13 per cent concordant for schizophrenia (both schizophrenic) (59/448 pairs).

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SummaryOver 26 years some 73 patients with schizophia were observed. Three types were considered, true schizophrenia, schizophrenia simplex, and whizoaffective disorders. Of those traced and alive in 1971, some 18% of the group had recovered, 46% had made a social recovery, 25% were unemployed in the community, and 11% were long-stay hospital patients.