Clams are sessile organisms feeding at the sediment/water interface making them particularly at risk to urban/anthropogenic pollution. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the health impacts of wild clam populations at 2 harbors in the Saint-Lawrence Estuary and on site in Saguenay Fjord (Québec, Canada) a site known for Beluga whale high residency area. Health status was examined at tissue levels for selected metallic elements, oxidative stress, energy metabolism and circadian rhythms (serotonin and melatonin levels). The data revealed that clams collected at the fjord site (Beluga residency) were the most contaminated by Ag, Al, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu Fe, Mn, Hg, Ni Pb, and Zn. The clams were physiologically older (age related pigments) showed signs of oxidative stress (peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation) at most of the polluted sites and were strongly correlated to most of the above elements/metals. There was an increase in glucose, esterase and ketone bodies indicative of lipid mobilization for energy. Moreover, glucose levels were significantly correlated with known hyperglycemic metals such as Cd and Pb. Based on melatonin to serotonin ratio, clams at the most polluted site in Saguenay fjord and one marina site had elevated ratio suggesting altered circadian rhythm and were seemingly out of phase to the normal tidal schedule in this area.
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