These data add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that disturbed self-perception is a feature of CLBP. It is plausible that altered self-perception is maladaptive and contributes to the maintenance of the problem and may represent a target of treatment for CLBP.
EinleitungDas zervikobrachiale Schmerzsyndrom ist ein Krankheitszustand, dessen primäre Merkmale die Sensibilisierung und somit eine erhöhte Mechanosensitivität der Neuralstrukturen sind [22]. Im Laufe der Zeit wurden verschiedene neurale Provokationstests der oberen Extremität entwickelt, um entsprechende neurale Störungen bei Patienten mit Schmerzen im oberen Quadranten zu erfassen [5, 6,19]. Diese Tests beinhalten kontrollierte, aufeinanderfolgende, passive Gelenkbewegungen, die zunehmend Bewegung, Längenzunahme und Spannung oder letztendlich Dehnung eines Nervs bewirken. Die Tests üben eine Untersuchung der klinischen Effektivität eines modifizierten neuralen Provokationstests bei Patienten mit zervikobrachialen Schmerzen Zusammenfassung Eine modifizierte Version des neuralen Provokationstest via N. medianus wurde bei 12 Patienten mit einseitigen zervikobrachialen Schmerzen durchgeführt. Der Ellbogenextensionswinkel wurde zum Zeitpunkt des Schmerzbeginns, des Überschreitens der Schmerztoleranzgrenze und des Beginns der Muskelaktivität in den Mm. trapeziis und M. biceps brachii in beiden Armen gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Ermittlung von Schmerzbeginn und Schmerztoleranz reliabel war, die der Muskelaktivitäten nicht. Die Schmerzen traten im symptomatischen Arm wesentlich früher ein als im gesunden Arm und das Bewegungsausmaß war stärker eingeschränkt. Bei den meisten Patienten konnte man deren exakte Symptome reproduzieren. Aus den Ergebnissen ergibt sich der Schluss, dass der modifizierte Provokationstest via N. medianus zur Untersuchung der Mechanosensitivität der Neuralstrukturen in der oberen Extremität dient. SchlüsselwörterNeurale Strukturen · Mechanosensitivität · neuraler Provokationstest · N. medianus · zervikobrachiale SchmerzenAbstract A modified version of the NPT was used in 12 patients with unilateral cervicobrachial pain. The angles of elbow extension at onset of pain threshold and pain tolerance and the onset of muscle activity in trapezius and biceps muscle were measured in both arms. The results showed that the pain onsets were reliable, but not the muscle onsets. The pain onsets occurred earlier in the symptomatic arm than in the asymptomatic arm and the range of elbow extension was further restricted. In most patients their exact symptoms were reproduced. It can be concluded that the modified version of the neural provocation test via median nerve is a mean to assess the mechanosensitivity of neural tissues in the upper limb.
Although it is known that stereo-acuity declines with increasing eccentricity of the targets, it is not clear how we use disparity information in the peripheral visual field for pattern perception. To examine this question, we investigated pattern perception by restricting the area that presented stereo or luminance information in the periphery. We measured the reaction time for recognising a letter defined by binocular disparity or by luminance in a random-dot display. We restricted the area containing the specific information (disparity or luminance) using an eye-contingent window technique. Disparity or luminance information was thus present only inside a window centred on the fixation point. Observers viewed the display with free eye movement. The magnitudes of the disparity and luminance contrast were chosen so as to give the same reaction times when the area containing the pattern information was not restricted. Eye movements were measured by a limbus-tracking system and the signal was fed into a computer for real-time control of the window position. The reaction time increased as the window size decreased. The increase in reaction time, however, was steeper for the stimuli defined by disparity than for the stimuli defined by luminance. We conclude that disparity information in the periphery is used for recognising a pattern and is more effective than luminance information for a given window size.
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