During the 31 year period 1954 to 1985, 225 major hepatic resections have been performed for symptomatic primary carcinoma of the liver, of which right hepatic lobectomy was performed in 115, extended right hepatic lobectomy in 11, trisegmentectomy in 2, left hepatic lobectomy in 94, and middle hepatectomy in 3. In addition there were 107 partial hepatic resections for 89 asymptomatic small hepatocellular carcinomas. In the 225 patients undergoing major hepatic resection, the operative mortality was 8.0 per cent. In the 107 patients undergoing partial hepatic resection, the operative mortality was 5.6 per cent. Of the total of 314 hepatic resections for primary carcinoma of the liver, 309 were undertaken for hepatocellular carcinoma and the remaining 5 were carried out for cholangiocarcinoma. All hepatic resections in this series were performed with the finger fracture technique without controlling the hepatic hilar vessels, hepatic ducts or hepatic veins outside the liver, although hepatic clamping and the Pringle manoeuvre were also used in selective cases. Of 207 cases who survived major hepatic resection, 119 cases died within one year after the operation, mainly due to recurrence of cancer in the remaining residual lobe, lung metastasis or late hepatic failure. The 5 year survival rate is 18.0 per cent, 12 patients are still alive and well after more than 5 years and the longest survival is 23 years. Of the 89 patients with small asymptomatic hepatocellular carcinomas, 28 died within one to four years of surgery because of a second new growth.

Summary Background Whether 10‐day or 14‐day sequential therapy is superior to 14‐day triple therapy in the first‐line treatment of Helicobacter pylori remains controversial. Aim To compare the efficacy of 10‐day or 14‐day sequential therapy vs. 14‐day triple therapy. Methods Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing 10‐day or 14‐day sequential therapy and 14‐day triple therapy as first‐line treatment in adults were searched from the PubMed and Cochrane databases from 2000 to October 2015. Abstracts from international annual conferences were also searched. The primary and secondary outcomes were the eradication rate according to the intention‐to‐treat analysis and adverse effects, respectively. Results Of the 109 articles identified, 13 RCTs including 2749 patients in the sequential therapy group and 2424 patients in the 14‐day triple therapy group were eligible. Overall, sequential therapy for 10 or 14 days was not significantly superior to 14‐day triple therapy [Risk ratio (RR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–1.08, P = 0.145]. However, there was significant heterogeneity (I2 = 57.6%, P = 0.005). In the subgroup analysis of four trials, we found that 14‐day sequential therapy was significantly more effective than 14‐day triple therapy (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.16, P = 0.002), and there was no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, P = 0.624) in this comparison. Sequential therapy given for 10 days was not superior to 14‐day triple therapy (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98–1.09, P = 0.207). There was no significant difference in the risk of adverse effects. Conclusion Sequential therapy given for 14 days, but not 10 days, was more effective than 14‐day triple therapy as first‐line treatment.

We established normative values for the water-perfused HRIM system for a Chinese population. Gender and anthropometric factors may affect various major HRIM parameters and should be taken into account when interpreting HRIM results in clinical practice.