Objectives: This study is aimed at investigating the effect of feeding a soluble or partly soluble ®bre rich-diet on the apparent absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men, by using a chemical balance technique. Study design: Nine healthy young men were given a control diet or the same diet complemented with either inulin (soluble) or sugar beet ®bre (partly soluble) during 28 d periods according to a 3 6 3 latin square design with three repetitions. During the 20 d adaptation period to ®bre ingestion, experimental ®bres were incorporated into bread (60%) and liquid foods (40%)

The energy value of NSP has been expressed as their metabolizable energy (ME) content. The aim of the present study was to determine whether differences in ME and net energy (NE) contents were similar for insoluble and soluble NSP. Nine healthy young men were offered three diets according to a Latin-square design (3 x 3) with three repetitions: diet C (control), diet B (control + 50 g sugarbeet fibre/d) and diet I (control + 50 g commercial inulin/d). After a 16 d adaptation period to NSP isolate, food intake was controlled (duplicate meal method) and faeces and urine were collected for 8 d. A period of 60 h was devoted to measurement of energy expenditure (EE) by whole-body indirect calorimetry. NSP-isolate ingestion induced significant increases in the number of defecations and stool weight resulting from increases in water, DM and microbial mass excretion. After deduction of microbial N, differences in faecal N excretion between diets were not significantly different. Urinary N excretion was slightly decreased by sugarbeet fibre or commercial inulin ingestion but the N balances for the diets were not significantly different. Diet energy, N and lipid apparent digestibilities decreased by only 1-2%. Commercial inulin was entirely fermented and fermentability of sugarbeet fibre averaged 0.886 (SD 0.117). Sugarbeet fibre and commercial inulin ME values averaged 10.7 (SD 1.2) and 13.0 (SD 2.3) kJ/g DM respectively. NSP-isolate ingestion caused significant (sugarbeet) and nonsignificant (inulin) increases in daily EE. The maintenance NE contents of sugarbeet fibre and inulin averaged 5.0 (SD 5.0) and 11.9 (SD 1.3) kJ/g DM respectively. Differences in maintenance NE contents of NSP isolates were much greater than differences in ME values.

No abstract

The nutritional regulation of glucose transporter GLUT4 was studied in eight muscles and four adipose tissues from two groups of preruminant (PR) or ruminant (R) calves of similar age (170d), empty body weight (194kg) at slaughter, and level of net energy intake from birth onwards. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.41) activity in muscles was not different between PR and R except in masseter muscle from the cheek (+71 % in R; P < 0.003), which becomes almost constantly active at weaning for food chewing. Basal and maximally-insulin-stimulated glucose transport rate (GTR) per g tissue wet weight in rectus abdominis muscle were significantly higher in R calves (+31 and 41 % respectively; P < 0.05). GLUT4 protein contents did not differ in muscles from PR and R except in masseter (+74 % in R; P < 0.05) indicating that the increased GTR in rectus ubdominis cannot be accounted for by an enhanced GLUT4 expression. GLUT4 mRNA levels did not differ between the two groups of animals in all muscles suggesting a regulation of GLUT4 at the protein level in masseter. GLUT4 number expressed on a per cell basis was lower in adipose tissue from R calves (-39 %; P < 0.05) and higher in internal than in peripheral adipose tissues. In summary, the regulation of GLUT4 in calves at weaning differs markedly from that previously described in rodents (for review, see Girard et al. 1992). Furthermore, significant inter-individual variations were shown for metabolic activities in muscle and for biochemical variables in adipose tissue. Glucose transport rate: Glucose transporter expression: Insulin-sensitive tissuesThe suckling-weaning transition is characterized by profound changes in nutrition which in turn induce metabolic adaptations of glucose metabolism. For instance, in rats at weaning, the fat-rich milk is gradually replaced by the high-carbohydrate diet of the adult. This is associated with an enhanced overall insulin responsiveness of glucose utilization and of glucose transport rate (GTR) in adipose tissue and skeletal muscles (for review, see Girard et al. 1992), the latter being the rate-limiting step of glucose utilization (for review, see Kahn 1992; Hocquette et al. 1996~). These regulatory changes are related to an increased expression of the insulin-regulatable glucose transporter (GLUT4) in muscles and adipose tissues (for review, see Girard et al. 1992).The changes in nutrition at weaning differ markedly between rodents and ruminants. Indeed, unlike the rat, the contribution of carbohydrates to total nutrition decreases from 3 5 4 5 % of total energy absorption to less than 5 % as calves become ruminant. However, much less is known about the regulation of glucose metabolism in bovines than in rats at

The energy value of NSP has been expressed as their metabolizable energy (ME) content. The aim of the present study was to determine whether differences in ME and net energy (NE) contents were similar for insoluble and soluble NSP. Nine healthy young men were offered three diets according to a Latin-square design (3 × 3) with three repetitions: diet C (control), diet B (control þ 50 g sugarbeet fibre/d) and diet I (control þ 50 g commercial inulin/d). After a 16 d adaptation period to NSP isolate, food intake was controlled (duplicate meal method) and faeces and urine were collected for 8 d. A period of 60 h was devoted to measurement of energy expenditure (EE) by whole-body indirect calorimetry. NSP-isolate ingestion induced significant increases in the number of defecations and stool weight resulting from increases in water, DM and microbial mass excretion. After deduction of microbial N, differences in faecal N excretion between diets were not significantly different. Urinary N excretion was slightly decreased by sugarbeet fibre or commercial inulin ingestion but the N balances for the diets were not significantly different. Diet energy, N and lipid apparent digestibilities decreased by only 1-2 %. Commercial inulin was entirely fermented and fermentability of sugarbeet fibre averaged 0⋅886 (SD 0⋅117). Sugarbeet fibre and commercial inulin ME values averaged 10⋅7 (SD 1⋅2) and 13⋅0 (SD 2⋅3) kJ/g DM respectively. NSP-isolate ingestion caused significant (sugarbeet) and nonsignificant (inulin) increases in daily EE. The maintenance NE contents of sugarbeet fibre and inulin averaged 5 . 0 (SD 5⋅0) and 11⋅9 (SD 1⋅3) kJ/g DM respectively. Differences in maintenance NE contents of NSP isolates were much greater than differences in ME values. Non-starch polysaccharides: Sugarbeet fibre: Inulin: Indirect calorimetryBritish Journal of Nutrition (1998), 80, 343-352 343 Abbreviations: EE, energy expenditure; ME, metabolizable energy; MEm, maintenance ME requirement; NE, net energy; VFA, volatile fatty acids.