. 2003. Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production. Effect on alfalfa seed yield and quality. Can J. Plant Sci. 83: [189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197]. Preharvest applications of glyphosate have been shown to be effective in controlling Canada thistle in annual crops, but may reduce alfalfa seed yield depending on time and rate of application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on subsequent alfalfa seed yield and quality. The effects of timing, 1, 26, 51 and 76% alfalfa seed pod maturity, and rate, 0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 g a.i. ha -1 , of a preharvest application of glyphosate on alfalfa seed yield and quality in the year of application, and regrowth and seed yield in the following year were determined. The rate of glyphosate applied did not affect seed yield in the application year; however, in the following year, growth and seed yield were reduced as rates increased. Delaying the application of glyphosate increased seed yields in the application year, but decreased alfalfa regrowth and flowering the following year. Germination and seedling emergence were not affected by the rate or timing of the glyphosate. A preharvest application of glyphosate at 1760 g a.i. ha -1 at 76% pod maturity is a viable option in the last year of seed production. [189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197]. L'application de glyphosate avant la récolte semble donner de bons résultats dans la lutte contre le chardon des champs pour les cultures annuelles, mais cette méthode pourrait réduire le rendement grainier de la luzerne, selon le taux d'application et le moment du traitement. L'étude devait établir l'incidence de l'application de glyphosate avant la récolte sur le rendement grainier et la qualité des semences de la luzerne. Les auteurs ont déterminé les effets du moment du traitement (à 1, 26, 51 et 76 % de maturité des gousses) et du taux d'application (0, 440, 880, 1 320 et 1 760 g de matière active par hectare) sur le rendement grainier et la qualité des semences de la luzerne l'année du traitement ainsi que leurs effets sur la repousse et le rendement grainier l'année suivante. Le taux d'application n'agit pas sur le rendement grainier l'année du traitement, mais l'année suivante, la croissance et le rendement grainier diminuent avec la hausse du taux d'application. Quand on retarde l'application du glyphosate, le rendement grainier augmente l'année du traitement, mais la repousse et la floraison sont plus faibles l'année suivante. La germination et le taux de levée ne sont pas affectés par le taux d'application ni par le moment du traitement. L'application de 1 760 g de glyphosate par hectare avant la récolte, lorsque 76 % des gousses sont parvenues à maturité, est une solution envisageable la dernière année de récolte des graines.
Alfalfa seed producers have a limited number of herbicide options to manage weed problems. MON-37500 (proposed name sulfosulfuron) is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls dandelion and quackgrass, two common weeds in alfalfa fields. A study was conducted in two alfalfa fields at Valparaiso and Carrot River, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate perennial weed control and alfalfa production responses with 0.5×, 1×, and 1.5× label-recommended rates of MON-37500 and also 2,4-DB and hexazinone. MON-37500 applied at the 1× and 1.5× rates at both locations reduced mid-May alfalfa vigor from 100% to between 80 and 90% and increased early-season control of dandelion and quackgrass by about 10 to 40 percentage units, when compared with other herbicide treatments. Improved weed control with 1× and 1.5× MON-37500 rates was sustained into mid-June only at Carrot River and was completely eliminated (100% vigor and 0% weed control), or almost so, by mid-July. MON-37500 did not control Canada thistle. Improved early-season weed control with the 1× MON-37500 rate apparently compensated for the loss of alfalfa vigor at Valparaiso, thus resulting in 27% (57 kg/ha) greater seed yield than with the other herbicide treatments. At Carrot River, hexazinone generally provided levels of weed control similar to MON-37500 but did not injure alfalfa. Consequently, alfalfa yields were highest and the proportion of dead (decaying) seed was least with this treatment. The 0.5× MON-37500 rate often resulted in inferior weed control relative to the 1× and 1.5× rates and never was among the herbicide treatments providing the greatest seed yield. Managing the residual activity of MON-37500 and its negative effect on alfalfa growth, especially at locations with soils having coarse texture and low organic matter content, represents the greatest challenge in making MON-37500 a reliable weed management tool for alfalfa seed producers.
. 2002. Response of two Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) varieties to herbicides. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82: 625-628. Field observations suggested that control of Canada thistle variety horridum by hexazinone was greater than that of variety integrifolium. To confirm these observations, the response of these two varieties to hexazinone and 13 other herbicides was examined under controlled environment conditions. The tolerance of the variety integrifolium to hexazinone was 40% greater compared with the variety horridum. Differences in shoot growth response between the two varieties were not detected from any of the other herbicides. Après observation sur le terrain, il semble que la variété horridum du chardon des champs réagit mieux à l'hexazinone que la variété integrifolium. Pour le confirmer, les auteurs ont étudié la réaction des deux variétés à l'hexazinone et à 13 autres herbicides en milieu contrôlé La variété integrifolium tolère 40 % mieux l'hexazinone que la variété horridum. Aucun écart de croissance entre les pousses des deux variétés n'a été décelé pour les autres désherbants.
(L.) Scop.] is increasing in both frequency and density in Saskatchewan alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed fields. Application of preharvest glyphosate is an effective means of controlling Canada thistle in annual crops. This study was conducted to determine the effects of preharvest glyphosate on Canada thistle control and crop tolerance in alfalfa seed fields. Five field experiments were conducted in northeast Saskatchewan between 1995 and 1997 in which preharvest glyphosate was applied at 0, 220, 440, 660, 880, and 1760 g a.i. ha -1 when 60-70% of alfalfa seed pods were brown. Glyphosate did not affect seed yield in the year of application at any application rate, nor germination and subsequent emergence of the harvested seed. Alfalfa regrowth in the year following application declined linearly as the rate of preharvest glyphosate increased. Seed yield was also reduced in the year following glyphosate application. Glyphosate application at 220 g a.i. ha -1 significantly reduced Canada thistle regrowth in the year following application. Canada thistle density decreased in 2 of 4 site years with increasing rates of preharvest glyphosate. Using preharvest glyphosate at rates higher than 220 g a.i. ha -1 in seed alfalfa is not recommended when future seed harvest is planned. However, higher rates of preharvest glyphosate could be used in the final year of seed production to facilitate alfalfa removal. ) augmentent dans les champs de luzerne (Medicago sativa L.) destinés à la production grainière, en Saskatchewan. Pour lutter contre cette adventice dans les cultures annuelles, on a coutume d'appliquer du glyphosate avant la récolte. L'étude devait établir l'utilité d'un tel traitement dans la lutte contre le chardon des champs et la tolérance de la luzerne destinée à la production grainière à l'herbicide. Pour cela, les auteurs ont effectué cinq expériences sur le terrain dans le nord-est de la Saskatchewan entre 1995 et 1997. Ils ont appliqué 0, 220, 440, 660, 880 et 1 760 g de glyphosate par hectare avant la récolte, quand 60 à 70 % des gousses de luzerne étaient brunes. Quel que soit le taux d'application, l'herbicide n'affecte pas le rendement grainier l'année du traitement, pas plus qu'il n'affecte par la suite la germination et la levée des semences récoltées. L'année suivant le traitement, on note une diminution de la repousse de la luzerne, baisse corrélée de manière linéaire avec la hausse du taux d'application du glyphosate. Il y a aussi diminution du rendement grainier l'année subséquente au traitement. L'application de 220 g de glyphosate par hectare entrave sensiblement la repousse du chardon la deuxième année. La densité des peuplements de chardon a diminué avec la hausse du taux d'application deux sites-années sur quatre. On ne recommande pas un taux d'application plus élevé si on envisage encore récolter des semences de luzerne. Néanmoins, on pourrait recourir à un plus fort taux d'application la dernière année de récolte, de manière à faciliter l'extirpation subséquente de la culture.
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