We use two-laser optical pumping on a continuous atomic fountain in order to prepare cold cesium atoms in the same quantum ground state. A first laser excites the F = 4 ground state to pump the atoms toward F = 3 while a second π-polarized laser excites the F = 3 → F = 3 transition of the D2 line to produce Zeeman pumping toward m = 0. To avoid trap states, we implement the first laser in a 2D optical lattice geometry, thereby creating polarization gradients. This configuration has the advantage of simultaneously producing Sisyphus cooling when the optical lattice laser is tuned between the F = 4 → F = 4 and F = 4 → F = 5 transitions of the D2 line, which is important to remove the heat produced by optical pumping. Detuning the frequency of the second π-polarized laser reveals the action of a new mechanism improving both laser cooling and state preparation efficiency. A physical interpretation of this mechanism is discussed.
Des expériences de visualisations de jets de plasmas créés par laser à CO2 impulsionnel sur matériaux solides ont été réalisées afin d'étudier le comportement hydrodynamique de ces plasmas créés en atmosphère variable (de 102 Pa à 105 Pa). On s'intéressera plus particulièrement dans cette présentation aux plasmas de carbone se propageant dans de l'air synthétique à faible pression. Pour des conditions bien particulières de densité d'énergie et de pression ambiante, le caractère instable d'une onde de souDe a été mis en évidence. Cette instabilité hydrodynamique se caractérise par la formation d'un second front (anévrisme) prenant naissance dans la partie frontale de l'onde de soume exposée au rayonnement laser.
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