Pelvic sonograms from 61 consecutive patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy and an additional 17 proved ectopic pregnancy cases were reviewed retrospectively. Special attention was given to the appearance of the uterus and intrauterine fluid collections in the absence of a fetal pole. Criteria for the exclusion of an ectopic pregnancy were established, based on a specific morphologic appearance of the decidua seen in early normal intrauterine pregnancy. A "double sac" appearance of two concentric echogenic rims was consistently identified early in normal intrauterine pregnancies before the appearance of a fetal pole, and served as a good morphologic discriminator for the decidual cast of ectopic pregnancy. We think the double sac appearance is a helpful indicator for differentiating an ectopic pregnancy from an early normal intrauterine pregnancy.

Retrospective evaluation of 125 consecutive gallbladder sonograms was done to determine the conditions under which a thickened gallbladder wall is identified. The population studied included a large number of chronic alcoholics. Forty-two patients (Group A) had thickened (greater than or equal to 3 mm) gallbladder walls, while 48 patients (Group B) had walls of normal thickness. Forty patients in Group A had markedly depressed serum albumin levles, significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than albumin levels in Group B. Ten patients in Group B had cholecystitis, compared to two in Group A. The authors conclude that a thick gallbladder wall can be seen in severe hypoalbuminemic states in the absence of acute or chronic cholecystitis.

PI-RADS v2 is a strong predictor of CS-PCa in the non-academic setting and can be further strengthened when utilized with PSA density.

ADC values and categories help to diagnose CS-PCa when lesions are assigned a PI-RADS v2 score of 4.

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