The authors investigated the effects of gender role conflict (GRC) on college men's scores of psychological well-being, substance usage, and attitudes toward psychological help-seeking. Each of the 4 GRC variables was significantly related to at least 1 variable of interest. The Success, Power, and Competition variable of GRC was significantly related to (a) a decrease in psychological well-being, including scores for Trait Anger, the Angry Reaction subtype of trait anger, and the Angry Temperament subtype of trait anger, and (b) an increased report of alcohol usage. The Restricted Emotionality variable of GRC was significantly related to (a) a decrease in psychological well-being, including scores for Trait Anger and Trait Anxiety; (b) negative attitudes toward help-seeking; and (c) an increased similarity in personality style to chemical abusers.

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Family structure, psychological separation, and college adjustment represent multidimensional constructs that are presumed to interact complexly during late adolescence. The purpose of this study was to identify significant interrelations, first, between measures of family structure and psychological separation, and, second, between psychological separation and college-adjustment measures. Five hundred fifty-four undergraduates from intact families completed relevant instruments. A canonical correlation of family-structure and psychological-separation scores extracted two significant and stable roots, representing conflictually overinvolved and differentiated family patterns, respectively. Intercorrelations of each variate with original variables indicate that these dimensions were also associated with different separation patterns across subject sex. The canonical correlation of psychological-separation and college-adjustment measures uncovered a single significant and stable root that underscored the relation of conflictual independence and personal adjustment within both male and female groups. The results are interpreted as supporting assumptions of structural family theory and as suggesting that the psychological separation patterns of college men and women are differentially affected by inappropriate family structure.

This article is designed to stimulate interest in the clinical utility of attachment theory and examine how its constructs are relevant to counseling and counseling supervision. The initial section illustrates attachment constructs in action and demonstrates how the theory and its related research can be used to conceptualize clients' experience in their emotionally important relationships. The authors then discuss counseling process focusing on the ways attachment theory can contribute to understanding the client-counselor relationship and change strategies. The implications of the central constructs are also explored in relation to counseling supervision. In concluding, the authors discuss research and clinical extensions of attachment theory, alluding briefly to areas that are also extensions of traditional counseling psychology. Throughout, the article's intent is to help the reader appreciate the complexity of attachment theory as well as its science-practice links and its potential contribution to clinical research and service delivery.