The identification and enumeration of yeasts and the effect of chemical preservatives on the yeast load in Nigerian palm wine have been studied. Yeasts found largely belong to the genus Succhuromyces. Other genera found were Cundidu, Endomycopsis, Hunsenula, Kloeckeru, Pichiu, Sacchuromycoides and Schizosucchuromyces. The viable yeast count ranged from 0.5 x lo7 cfu/ml to 4.2 x lo9 in both fresh Elueis and Ruphiu spp. of palms. Yeasts in palm wine were least sensitive to sodium nitrate and most sensitive to sodium benzoate. The addition of these two chemical preservatives amongst others reduced the yeast count to 3.2 x 10" (in Raphiu sp.), and 4.1 x lo9 (in EIueis sp.) with 0.025% sodium nitrate and 1.2 x lo6 (in Raphiu sp.) and 1.9 x lo7 (in EIueis sp.) with 0.1 % sodium benzoate. The values of the yeast count in bottled and fresh palm wine were between 1.3 x lo3 cfu/ml to 9.8 x lo6 and 0.5 x lo7 to 4.2 x lo9, respectively. Maximum values of actual dry and theoretical yeast weights were 1.09 and 42 rng/ml, respectively.
B a n a n a (Musa sapientum) skins were fermented with Saccharomyces uvarum. Ammonium-sulphate-containing m e d i u m maximised cell mass, cell protein and cell crude protein yielding 4.98, 0.89 and 2.90 g/l, respectively.
Maximum production of single‐;cell protein (SCP), biomass, chemicals or fuels from microorganisms demands the manipulation of environmental conditions. Consequently, single‐;cell protein production was carried out using Candida sp. and pawpaw fruit pulp extract (substrate), under conditions of varying initial inoculum, different agitation rates, nitrogen sources, and heat treatments. The highest viable cell count of 8.00 ± 1.34 × 1010 colony forming units (cfu)/ml was obtained with substrate supplemented with ammonium sulphate and the least viable cell count of 7.10 ± 2.10 × 106 cfu/ml was observed using urea treated substrate. An optimum viable cell count occurred with an initial inoculum of 5.60 × 105 cfu/ml, conditions of non‐sterilization and agitation at 200 r.p.m. Growth also peaked at 24, 48 and 72 h with varying treatments.
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