No abstract

Wudhu (ablution) ritual is an activity of cleaning physical parts for Muslims to perform their prayer five times per day. During this wudhu ritual process, the water is allowed to run free and drain away. At-times, this has caused some concerns particualrly on water wastage. Many organizations in Malaysia such as AACE Technologies Sdn. Bhd. came out with a solution and steps as "Auto Wudu Washer" in order to overcome this wastage, but the result was not satisfying enough. This study introduces a wudhu system that can reduce the amount of water usage during wudhu ritual consistently by limiting around 1 litre per consumer. Generally, there were seven (7) parts that have been used in this project such as 1 litre of container, magnet, float, valve push button, washer and cap. These designs did not utilize any electronic devices. Using these parts, 2 experiments were conducted namely the current wudhu system and the upgraded wudhu system by 10 (Muslims) respectively. The result of this project confirmed that using the Upgraded Wudhu System with amount of water limited to 1 litre per consumer was better than the current wudhu system by ten times.

The study on the effect of winglet shape in wing design has been a focus of many researchers. Nevertheless, the effect of cant angle on the wing performances at low Reynolds number has not been fully explored. This paper describes the effect of a single semi-circular shaped winglet attached with a rectangular wing model to lower the drag without increasing the span of the wing. Aerodynamic characteristics for the rectangular wing (NACA 65-3-218) with and without semi-circular winglets have been studied using STAR CCM+ 4.0. This numerical analysis is based on Finite Volume Approach. Simulations were carried out on the rectangular wing model with and without winglet at aspect ratio of 2.73 and Reynolds number of 0.16 x 10 6 for various angles of attack. From the numerical analysis, wing performance characteristics in terms of lift coefficient CL, drag coefficient CD, and lift-to-drag ratio, CL/CD were obtained. It was found that the addition of a semi-circular winglet has resulted in a larger lift curve slope and higher Lift-to-Drag ratio in comparison with the case of a wing without winglet. Further investigation has revealed that a wing with semi-circular winglet with cant angle of 45 degree has produced the best Lift-to-Drag ratio, CL/CD.

In the present work, a fuzzy logic model is developed to predict the oil-film pressure in hydrodynamic plain journal bearing. In the development of predictive model, journal bearing parameters of speed, load and oil-feed pressure are considered as model independent variables. For this purpose, a number of experiments, based Box-Behnken experiment design technique, are performed to observe the oil-film pressure values. The results revealed that the model is able to predict the oil-film pressure adequately.