Results: The mean age of participants was 28.3 years; 88% were women, and 80% were in their third or fourth year of residency. The percentage of correct answers was higher after participation in the program, and the difference had statistic significance. The residents estimated that nearly a half of their patients needed breastfeeding advice, and they thought that the program improved their knowledge of breastfeeding and their communication skills with mothers. On average, they spent 2.9 hours daily to answer the questions.Conclusions: The learning experience was positively evaluated by the participants and contributed to increase their knowledge and skills in breastfeeding issues. We think it is a good method for training future pediatricians on breastfeeding management. In addition, the instrument may contribute to improve lactation knowledge among pediatricians.

Background: Metabolic bone disease (MBD) of prematurity is a complication of multifactorial aetiology, which has been increasing, due to progressive decrease in mortality of preterm newborns. The aim of the study was to analyze risk factors of severe MBD and its analytical markers. Patients and Method: Retrospective study involving preterm infants less than 32 weeks gestational age and/or weight less tan 1,500 g born between january 2012 and december 2014. Comparison was made according to the presence of severe MBD. Results: 139 patients were recruited. Mean value of 25(OH)D3 was 70.68 ± 25.20 nmol/L, being higher in patients born in spring-summer than in autumn-winter (80.94 ± 25.33 vs 61.13 ± 21.07; p = 0.000). Levels of 25(OH)D3 were similar in patients with severe MBD compared with the rest of patients (65.61 ± 26.49 vs 72.07 ± 24.89, P = 0.283). Higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP, IU/L ) (1314.19 ± 506.67 vs 476.56 ± 188.85; p = 0.000) were found in these patients. Cutoff point of AP 796.5 IU/L (S 95.2%, specificity 92.4%) was calculated by ROC curve. The risk factors most associated to severe EMO were restricted fetal growth, birth weight, duration of ventilation therapy and parenteral nutrition. Conclusions: AP levels were the best marker of severe MBD development. EMO risk increases with the number of risk factors and lower levels of 25(OH) D3. Levels of 25(OH)D3 higher than 70nmol/L appear to protect from the development of severe MBD, even in patients with multiple risk factors.

ProBNP levels are related to the presence or absence of haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus; and its variations with treatment response. High values are also related to the need for surgical closure of PDA.

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