ElsevierFerrer Giménez, C.; Pascual Guillamón, M.; Busquets Mataix, DJ.; E. Rayón (2010)
AbstractA new class of materials is being installed in railway brake blocks to substitute classic cast iron in order to reduce the rolling noise produced by the roughness of the treadwheel surface. The tribological properties of cast iron and Fe-Cu-Cr-graphite sintered alloy brake shoes were analyzed. Kinetic friction coefficient (μ) and wear were monitored by means of a pin-on-disc technique. The sintered alloy brake showed an increase in μ at higher braking velocities while the cast iron brake exhibited a decrease in μ. Wear was greater on the sintered alloy, explained by its low shear strength which decreased due to its low thermal conductivity. The roughness produced by the sintered brake shoes in wheel tread surface was 10 times lower than that produced by cast iron.
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146Determinación de los indicadores de deformación bajo tensiones multiaxiales de embutición. Aplicación al acero electrocincado DC-05 (UNE en ISO 10130)* V. Miguel**, A. Calatayud** y C. Ferrer***
ResumenEn este trabajo se establece una metodología para la investigación de la tendencia a la deformación de chapa de acero de alta embutibilidad bajo tensiones multiaxiales de embutición. El método consiste en ensayar chapa en una matriz con forma de cuña produciendo en el material un estado de deformación típico de embutición (pure shear). Se seleccionan tres direcciones de laminación (0º, 45º y 90º) y se establece la deformación en anchura como variable de ensayo. Se ha definido un coeficiente de deformación con el fin de evaluar las variaciones obtenidas en el espesor del material constatándose la no existencia de cambios significativos en éste. También, se obtiene la tensión necesaria para realizar distintas deformaciones estableciendo correlaciones de tipo potencial tensión-deformación. Se contrastan los indicadores obtenidos con el índice de anisotropía y el de endurecimiento del material bajo condiciones normalizadas. La información obtenida permite justificar el comportamiento observado en la embutición de copas de aceros relacionando las diferentes direcciones de laminación con las irregularidades observadas en el borde de las copas embutidas.
Palabras claveEmbutición. Anisotropía. Deformación. Rozamiento. Electrocincado.A methodology to obtain strain indicators under deep drawing multiaxial stresses. Application to DC-05 electrogalvanized steel (UNE in ISO 10130)
AbstractIn this work a methodology to investigate deep drawing quality steel sheets deformation tendency under multiaxial deep drawing stresses has been proposed. The method consists in assaying a sheet in a wedge die in order to introduce a pure shear estate in the material. 0º, 45º and 90º rolling directions are selected in the assays, and transversal strain is the variable considered in them. A strain coefficient ‰ has been defined in order to evaluate thickness variations in the test. Almost no changes in thickness have been registered and this indicates that strain carried out in the test is similar to that taking place in deep drawing. The stress necessary for practice a certain plastic deformation is obtained too and a potential function between them is formulated. Indicators presented in this work are compared to anisotropy and strength coefficients obtained in normalized tensile tests. These results allow us to justify the steel behaviour in the cup deep drawing processes related to ear forming.
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