Reactions of some diketones with thiosemicarbazide have been studied under various conditions. Monothiosemicarbazones, dithiosemicarbazones, and cyclization products call be obtained. It was found that dithiosemicarbazones form 1:l complexes with Cu(I1) but failed to react with Cu(1). Dithiosen~icarbazones in which the Nxhydrogen atom has been replaced by Me do not form complexes, conlirining our views about the irnporta~lce of this hydrogen atom in the thione ++ thiol tautomerism necessary for complex formation. 4,4-D~methyldithiosemicarbazones behave like the in substituted parent coinpounds in forming 1:l complexes with Cu(I1). Infrared spectra provide evidence for the structure of a cyclizatioil product, 5,6-diphenyl-3-thio-l,2,4-triazine, which had been erroneously described by various authors as the thiol tautomer, 5,6-diphenyl-3-n1ercapto-1,2,4-triazinc.In previous publications (1, 2), the reactions of thiosemicarbazones (tscs) with Cu (1) and Cu(I1) ions were reported. A polymeric structure was suggested for the insoluble 1:l coluplexes obtained froin these reactions (2), and the antifungal activity of both free tscs and their copper coinplexes \iras also reported (3). T h e present worl; describes the reactio~ls of mono-and di-tscs with a number of metals. I t was found t h a t monotscs which form colllplexes readily with copper in allialine or neutral solution fail to react similarly with the follo\\ring nletals: &(I), EIg(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), %n(II), Sn(II), Co(II), Fe(II), and Fe(II1). Guha-Sircar ct al. (4) obtainecl solid precipitates fro111 tscs and several of these metals a t pI-I from 3 to 7, and suggested that this 1-eaction could be used for the quantitative deterinination of cations. 111 the present ~o l -l i , precipitates were ol~tained with the catio~is mentio~led above but no definite products were isolated. T h e high lnetal content (approx. 5070) indicated that these solid matel-ials wei-e inostly inorganic, consisting probably of the metal sulphides.T h e fact that tscs for111 definite complexes i~rith copper only, coupled with our previous finding t h a t antifungal activity is usually limited t o the free tscs, the complexes being inactive (3), is believed to be quite significant in the study of the mechanisnl of antifungal action of these compounds. The role and the nature of the metal in biological processes involving metal-binding substailces is of great importance (5) and \\70rli is currently being carried out along this line and \\?ill be reported elsewhere.A number of ditl~iosemicarbazo~~es (clitscs) were prepared froill dicarbonyl compou~lds in order t o examine their reaction with metals and eventually t o study their antifullgal properties. T h e reaction of dicarbonyl compounds with thiosemicarbazide is not simple and ll~istures of products are usually obtained. T h e separation of these nlixtures is complicated by the low solubility of the various components and the discrepancies encountered in the literature co~lcerning their melting points.Clyosal (I) (R = R' = I...

Reactions of N-and S-substitutetl thiosemicarbazones with Cu(1) have been examined. No complexes are formed when the S atom is substituted and(or) when the N2 hydrogen atom is replaced by Me. 4,i-Dimethyl derivatives not only give the itsual 1:l conlplexes, but also 2:l complexes (2 thiosemicarbazoncs to 1 copper) in which copper has been oxidized t o Cu(I1). Reactions of thiosetuicarbazones with Cu(I1) give 1:1,2:1, and probably a mixture which corresponds to 2:s complexes. A discussion on the possible structures for the 1:1 complexes is given and they are best represented as polymers, the metal being borlded to the sulphur and to a nitrogen atom of the thiosemicarbazide portion of the ~nolecule. Infrared spectra of these c o m p o u~~d s have been examined, particularly in the 1100 cm-1 region where a strong to medium band disappears in going fro111 thiosemicarbazones to copper complexes. I t is suggested that this band is due to the C=S \vibration.Various metallic complexes of organic sulphur compounds are described in the literature (1-10). Many of these were prepared for phpsiological studies and their structures are not discussed fully (7, 10). I n earlier publications we have reported the preparation of Cu (I) complexes of tl~iosemicarbazones* (1 tsc :l Cu) (1 1) and their fungicidal action (12). This paper presents a discussion of the possible structures for these complexes based mainly on the reactions of several N-inethyl tl~ioseinicarbazones with copper ions in ammoniacal and neutral media.Thiosen~icarbazo~les have the structure (I) ( R = alkyl, aryl, or H).When Rg and R4 and(or) K j are hydrogen atoms, tautoineric thiols (11) and (IV) and thione (111) forms are possible, these being interconvertible through their common anions (V) and cations (VI). The dipolar structures (IIIal and (IIIb) may contribute to (111).

H number of thiosemicarbazones and their 1: 1 copper complexes are described and the possible structures of the latter are discussed. Formation of copper complexes from aromatic aldehyde and ketone thiosemicarbazo~~es results in a loss of one H atom as indicated by infrared spectra. In the aliphatic series, no loss of H atom is apparent upon complex formation.I t is reasonable to assume that diflerent processes are involved resulting in two possible structures for the aromatic and the aliphatic copper co~nplexes. Some chemical evidence supports this view.

On exposure to outdoor weathering for three months, No. 8 cotton duck showed substantial loss in breaking strength. The untreated fabric showed a loss of the same order as the losses of samples treated with copper naphthenate, copper hydroxynaphthenate, copper oleate, and copper tallate containing 0.1 to 1.0% copper. The copper treated samples showed slight evidence of increased actinic degradation as measured by cuprammonium fluidity. There was an appreciable decrease in the copper content of the treated samples on weathering. The decrease in copper content and breaking strength on weathering and the extent of attack by micro-organisms in soil burial testing were reduced considerably by the presence of a waterproofing compound of the wax-pigment-filler type. The initial water resistance of the proofing was modified by the presence of the copper compounds, being reduced by copper naphthenate, oleate, and tallate and increased by copper hydroxynaphthenate although on ageing and weathering these effects were minimized.

Cotton tentage duck treated with ferric oxide–chromic oxide ('mineral khaki'), copper carbonate–ferric oxide ('copper–iron'), cuprammonium, cutch–cuprammonium, copper 8-quinolinate, copper glyoxime, 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dichlorodiphenylmethane, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, copper naphthenate, copper hydroxynaphthenate, zinc naphthenate, and mercuric naphthenate, showed varying degrees of breaking strength loss when subjected to outdoor weathering during the summer months. The losses were in no case greater than that of the untreated fabric, and certain treatments, such as mineral khaki and cutch–cuprammonium, gave considerable protection against loss in breaking strength. With copper naphthenate, copper hydroxynaphthenate, and mercuric naphthenate the degree of chemical degradation as measured by cuprammonium fluidity was somewhat greater than that of the untreated fabric. The presence of a waterproofing treatment consisting of a mixture of petroleum-base waxes in addition to the rotproofing treatments usually resulted in increased breaking strength loss. The water resistance of the waxed samples showed a slight to pronounced increase on weathering. In general there was considerable loss of rotproofer as a result of weathering; with the copper compounds this loss was of the order of 37 to 90%, but was reduced to 6 to 44% by the presence of wax. Weathering produced an almost complete loss of the two zinc compounds, 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dichlorodiphenylmethane, and mercuric naphthenate. Losses of metal from chromium–iron proofings were negligible even in the absence of wax proofing. The degree of rot resistance as judged by soil burial was greatest in the fabrics treated with copper, and was increased by the presence of wax. The water resistance of samples subjected to soil burial was frequently decreased before the occurrence of any marked loss in breaking strength; this indicates microbiological attack on the wax coating prior to attack on the cotton fabric.