Elective thoracoscopic surgery performed through a single-port wound is feasible. Single-incisional thoracoscopic surgery can be safely applied as a first-line approach in most cases of elective thoracoscopic procedures.

We describe the chip design and system implementation of an optoelectronic parallel pipeline processing system composed of cascaded stages of smart pixel array cellular logic (SPARCL) processors interconnected with free-space digital optic channels. The SPARCL processing elements are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and each contains an independent optical input/output port and electrical nearest-neighbor local interconnections. The smart pixels are implemented using GaAs-GaAlAs multiple-quantum-well diode arrays flip-chip bonded onto complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuitry through the Bell Labs Lucent Technologies/George Mason University optoelectronic VLSI foundry. This system provides efficient execution of single-instruction multiple-data algorithms on large data fields and images.