No abstract

This study provides a bibliometric analysis showing that the annual number of publications related to OSA has been increasing at a much faster rate than the overall scientific literature during the past 16 years in a growing number of specialized journals. Analysis of key words (KeyWords Plus) suggests research trends and areas for future research.

Eleven compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Solanum erianthum D. Don, including five -linolenic acid analogs, -linolenic acid (1), 13S-hydroxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (2), 9S-hydroxy-10(E),12(Z), 15(Z)-octadectrienoic acid (3), 9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (4), and octadecanoic acid (5); two benzofuran-type lactones, loliolide (6) and dihydroactinidiolide (7); two steroidal alkaloids, solasonine (8) and solamargine (9); a flavonol glycoside, camelliaside C (10); and a flavone, 5-methoxy-(3'',4''-dihydro-3'',4''-diacetoxy)-2'',2''-dimethylpyrano-(7,8:5'',6'')-flavone (11). Among these isolated compounds, 9 showed the most potent activity against HBsAg, with an IC 50 of 1.57 M, followed by 8 (IC 50 is 5.89 M). In the testing against HBeAg, 11 was the only active compound with an IC 50 of 36.11 M. Compound 9 also revealed strong inhibition of DNA replication towards HBV and its IC 50 was 2.17 M. However, -linolenic acid (1) showed a prominent selected index (SI), both in anti-HBsAg and inhibition of DNA replication with SI values of 7.75 and 7.18, respectively. This is the first report that unsaturated fatty acid 1, steroidal alkaloid glycoside 9 and flavone 11, all showed excellent activity against HBV. These results provide lead candidates in the development of anti-HBV drugs from natural sources.

Objective Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is prevalent worldwide, particularly among elderly women. Although electroacupuncture (EA) has been accepted by many patients and physicians in Asia, its efficacy for SUI has not been evaluated scientifically and systematically. We aimed to conduct a systematic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of EA treatment for women with SUI. Methods We retrieved publications up to February 2019 from seven databases. Randomized controlled trials for women with SUI treated by EA were included. Therapeutic effect, 1-hour urine leakage and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form (ICIQ-SF) scores were the primary outcomes. The Cochrane Collection’s RevMan 5.3 software was used to pool data. Results The 15 included articles demonstrated that EA for SUI was effective (odds ratio [OR], confidence interval [CI] = 5.64, 4.19–7.59; Ι2 = 22%). ICIQ-SF scores increased (standard mean difference, CI = −0.48, −0.62 to −0.33; Ι2 = 32%) and 1-hour urine leakage decreased (OR, CI = −4.14, −4.96 to −3.33; Ι2 = 78%) in patients undergoing EA compared with those receiving sham EA, physical exercise or medication. Conclusion EA for women with SUI exhibited significant efficacy and safety for key outcomes.

Based on the growth observation of lily bulbs (Lilium Oriental hybrids, 'Acapulco', 'Marco Polo', 'Siberia', 'Sobonne' and 'Tiber'), we found the mountainous condition was suitable for the bulb development. Total 288,020 bulbs (12-14 cm, 14-16 cm and 16-18 cm in circumference) of Oriental lily were harvested from 401,500 imported bulblets (6/9 cm), which were grown in the mountainous region (Jinyun, Zhejiang Province) having an elevation of 880 m. The average ratio for harvested flowering bulbs (>12 cm) and big bulbs (16-18 cm) was 71.7% and 15.4%, respectively. The concentrations of soluble sugar, sucrose and starch in the bulb scales, as well as leaf photosynthesis were investigated during the whole year cultivation. It was found that the fresh weight and circumference of harvested bulbs have the positive correlation between vegetative growth in lily. The bud removal improved the process of bulb development. Accumulation and transportation of carbohydrates in the bulbs also increased significantly from the bud-removal. The average concentrations of starch and total soluble sugar were 293 mg g FW-1 and 9.2 mg g FW-1 in the harvested bulbs, respectively. It was indicated that the quality of mountainous reproduction bulbs was similar to that of the commercial bulbs from Holland.