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B y using non-contacf capacitive sensors lo measure post-welding shifr (PWS). the effecfs ofexternal pre-load on weldingparts and variation of welding spot location on PWS are studied. The importance ofstructure and mechanical tolerance ofweldingparfs is also discussed.

We study transient post-welding shift (PWS) with experiment and simulation. Measurement of PWS with noncontact displacement sensor reveals that a typical laser welding of TO-can pigtail package involves transient PWS with multiple characteristic time scales. Finite element modeling (FEM) of a three-dimensional structure with thermo-mechanical coupling helps us visualize the dynamics of the miniscule PWS. This study gives a better understanding on the physical process of transient PWS.

The laser welding technique have he applying to joining of photonic packages because of its high precision and productivity [I]. In many cases, stainless steel (SST) and low carbon steel (LCS) are used as the welding materials. There exists solidification crack tendency because of no welding filler and the fast cooling rate [2]. In this study, we present the study ofthe micro-cracks formation of the joint formed by laser welding. We discuss the failure mechanisms and propose recommendations for avoiding the micro-crack formation of welding SSTand LCS system. SEMEDX, 01M (Orientation Image Microscope) were used in the present study.