Counseling psychology in South Africa is undergoing significant changes, much like the country itself. The authors examine the state of counseling psychology in South Africa through discussion of both its racial history and present-day positions. The history of psychology cannot be devoid of its politicized past, and remnants of its history are found today, though much has changed. Current issues such as HIV/AIDS, educational legacies, and mistrust by the majority population now influence counseling psychology's direction and focus. Training issues become important in a country undergoing such changes, and counseling psychology's relationship to educational psychology and clinical psychology is addressed, along with its role within the indigenous community. Counseling psychology in South Africa is a microcosm for many of the struggles that U.S. counseling psychology faces. It is recommended that counseling psychologists in South Africa become more proactive to be further recognized as a useful entity and better serve community needs. Recognition can be accomplished by better alignment with medicine, forming working groups, becoming more politicized, and emphasizing the rich cultural diversity that exists in the country through training and outreach.

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Dietitians had acceptable levels of probability of assertive behaviour and interpersonal anxiety. The probability of assertive behaviour was significantly lower than the level noted in the literature and was negatively related to interpersonal anxiety and positively related to self-efficacy.

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This paper examines possible links between negative addiction to running and personality variables. More specifically, it addresses the question of why only certain runners become addicted to running and whether there is a unique interaction between personality variables and specific reinforcing aspects of running. Drawing on the results of four studies conducted in an ongoing research programme at the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, significant trends that have emerged with regard to the personality attributes of addicted runners are highlighted and explained. In particular, the studies provide preliminary supportive evidence for personality differences between extremely dependent and non-dependent groups of runners. It appears that excessive dependence on running is associated with generally rigid, inflexible personality patterns rather than specific personality pathology. The findings further suggest an association between negative addiction to running and interpersonal difficulties. Using Theodore Millon's Biosocial learning theory of personality as the conceptual framework for interpreting these results, this paper offers explanations of how the identified personality pattern of highly dependent runners interacts with the contextual and physiological variables elicited by running to maintain addictive behaviour. Finally, this paper suggests a number of directions for future research into excessive exercise dependence.