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(Vice-President), in opening the discussion, said that he had been invited to speak by the Authors, whom he had known for many years. One was on each side of the fence and, in the words of the Psalmist, 'How blessed it is, brethren, to dwell together in unity'.142. This was a most exciting Paper, and the caisson itself had strong traces in its design of a 'Rendel Palmer' or even a 'Cuerelian' touch, whereas the method of execution, including the use of segments, looked very much 'Nuttallian'. Perhaps something could be said by the Authors on this conjecture. 143. The Paper sprang, he thought, from a suggestion made in the Publications Committee of having a symposium on all the various different intakes of cooling water for atomic power stations. The problem was the same whether it was a refinery or power station or any other means of getting water out of the sea. With all the many different types which were in use and going to be used, and with the conditions varying so much with so many things-whether the ground was rocky or soft, the range of tide and buoyancy-all of which could make violent differences in design, it was obvious that a book could be written on the whole question.144. Mr Harding had done a little work at sea in the past and was qualified to make two comments. In working in the sea there was no such thing as temporary works. They were either permanent or transitory! Secondly, there was the importance of moorings. A paper on this question would be of value. If there were serious mooring problems, it was as well to have a nautical man on the job and not to try to invent ways to do it oneself.145. In the description of the landing pads it was stated that a tank landing craft was used for lifting and lowering, and apparently it stood by to do the grouting and other operations.146. These tank landing craft had been a most useful form of war-time surplus equipment. Mr Harding recalled buying one, together with a 304011 crane ship, for €12 000 each, in full working order. But to buy a new one would cost about €120 000.147. A lot of work of this sort in the sea could be done more easily if there were expensive self-propelled lifting craft and other craft available which might entirely alter a lot of the methods used; but such craft did not exist and in any single intake there was not enough money to spend on plant of such magnitude which. if it existed, could go from intake to intake and spread the cost over all. If there were some speculative millionaire who would build some such craft to a civil engineer's specification, it would be a great help and might eventually pay for itself.

stations and the staff operating them were part of the neighbourhood in which the station was found. Work of the nature described in the Paper, which was of general value to Southampton and elsewhere, was not likely to be so successful without that element of good neighbourliness.64. It had been said that 'a little fellow feeling makes us wondrous kind'. About the year 1950 somebody brought him the rudder of a little boat which he owned, unpleasantly eaten by the gribble. There was some evidence from ports in the southern half of the British Isles that, as Professor Raymont had indicated, occasional outbreaks, very similar to outbreaks of diseases in cities, could be triggered off by unusual occurrences of temperature, importation or local change in environment. It seemed probable that those areas primarily affected needed a permanent monitoring of the conditions in harbours of the kind in question. 65. The Paper described a considerable advance in the knowledge of temperature phenomena in tidal estuaries, particularly where fresh water and salt water mixed, or rather did not mix, and there might be a temptation to feel that the job had been nearly completed. The present results, however, were hardly what the original investigation had anticipated, and he hoped that the exercise would continue indefinitely, because the further useful results which were likely to arise might equally well not be anticipated at the present time and there was still a danger of reaching premature conclusions.66. Some support for that was to be found in the fact that the Authors in Q 56 referred to 'the limited time available for survey and office work'. He was very conscious of the calls on the time of senior staff in all three participating bodies and the natural tendency of technical and professional personnel to concentrate on doing the *

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