Using new survey data from the Netherlands, we find that non-immigrants are more likely to volunteer for secular organisations than guest worker immigrants and postcolonial citizen immigrants. In contrast, non-immigrants are less likely to engage in religious volunteering than both immigrant groups. We explain differences in the likelihood of religious and secular volunteering between immigrants and non-immigrants in the Netherlands by differences in level of individual resources, religiosity and having been asked to volunteer.

Using survey data from the Netherlands, we find that Muslims have relatively high levels of religious philanthropic behaviour and relatively low levels of secular philanthropic behaviour, whereas Hindus have relatively low levels of religious philanthropic behaviour and higher levels of secular philanthropic behaviour. Results indicate that the community explanation and the conviction explanation of the relationship between religion and philanthropic behaviour are both valid to some extent when it comes to differences in philanthropic behaviour between Christians, Muslims and Hindus. Additionally, we find a relationship between group orientation in worship rituals on the relation between religion and philanthropic behaviour. The more group-oriented the worship rituals, the stronger the relation between religion and philanthropic behaviour. The results suggest that Durkheim's theory (1897) may only be valid in a Christian context.

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In this paper we report on the development of an inventory that measures global citizenship among adolescents. The methodology used consists of cognitive interviews for questionnaire design and explorative and confirmatory factor analyses among several datasets. The resulting Global Citizenship Inventory (GCI) includes a global citizenship behaviour index and three scales measuring principles underlying global citizenship: human equality, mutual dependency in the world, and the shared responsibility for solving global issues. The behaviour index measures behaviour connected to efficient use of energy and water, mobility, recycling and handling waste, search for information and expressing an opinion on global issues, donating to charity, and volunteering. The results provide support for our theoretical constructs regarding global citizenship.

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