In this study, the variation of sewage quality was investigated and the active fraction of different microbial functional groups in biofilm was quantified in a 5.6-km trunk sewer line. The sewage quality including suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, total chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were measured and compared with the values in literatures. The results indicated that since the wastewater treatment plant was not operated at its full capacity, the concentrations of different compounds were lower compared with the values in literatures. The values of heterotrophic growth rate constant lay between 5.6 and 8.6 day(-1). Its average value was 7.7 day(-1). The values of heterotrophic lysis rate constant lay between 0.2 and 0.4 day(-1). The active heterotrophic biomass in biofilm varied from 240 to 800 mg COD m(-2) and average value was 497 mg COD m(-2). The biofilm mass varied from 880 to 1,080 mg m(-2). The percentage of heterotroph to biofilm mass fall within the range of 24.0-90.9% and average value was 52.9%. In the oxygen uptake rate batch tests, the biomass, growth rate constant, and lysis rate constant of autotroph could not be determined because the fraction of autotroph in biofilm was relatively few. It revealed that the degradation of organic matters, nitrification, and denitrification occurred in the trunk sewer line. But the results indicate that the condition seem favorable for nitrification.

The Joint Water Pollution Control Plant (JWPCP) of the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County provides advanced primary and partial secondary treatment for 15.3 m 3 /s (350 MGD) of wastewater. A 7-mo pilot plant study evaluated several tertiary treatment alternatives for in-plant water reuse. The influent to the tertiary treatment system was the high-purity oxygen-activated sludge plant effluent. Three filtration systems were evaluated: a deep-bed anthracite filter. a shalIowdepth pulsed-bed sand filter, and a continuous backwash deep-bed sand filter. Chlorination and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection were also compared. All three filters were capable of consistently meeting the State of California's effluent turbidity limit. The differences in turbidity removal efficiencies were insignificant. Changes in hydraulic loading rate, up to 0.2 m 3 /m 2 • min (5 gpm/ft 2 ), had insignificant effects on the quality of all filter effluents when filtering normal secondary effluent. The effect of chemical filter-aids on turbidity removal depended strongly on the characteristics of the filter influent and the filter design configuration. Breakthrough of alum might occur with an excessive dosage of alum. The estimated costs for filtering the secondary effluent by the three filters were similar. A high-UV dose of 300 mW-s/cm 2 would be required to reduce the total coliform concentrations :52.2 MPNIIOO mL, mainly because of the low UV transmittance (40-63%). The 2.2 MPNIIOO mL coliform standard could be met either by a chlorine residual of 5 mgl L with a contact time of )20 min or 10 mglL for 60 min. Water Environ. Res .. 69,34 (1997).The Joint Water Pollution Control Plant (JWPCP) is operated by the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (the Districts). It provides advanced primary and partial secondary treatment for 15.3 ml/s (350 MGD) of wastewater. A 7-mo pilot plant study was conducted recently, from August 1994 to February 1995, to evaluate several tertiary treatment alternatives for in-plant water reuse. The influent to the tertiary treatment system was the clarified effluent from the high-purity oxygenactivated sludge plant. The potential in-plant reuse applications include wash water for plant operations and truck cleaning and process water for cooling towers. The overall objective was to provide information for a conceptual design and a process cost estimate for the in-plant water reuse.Three different filtration systems were evaluated: a downflow, gravity, deep-bed anthracite filter, a downflow, gravity, shallow-depth, pulsed-bed sand filter, and a continuous backwash, upflow, deep-bed, sand filter. Two disinfection methods, chlorination and UV irradiation, were compared. The specific 34 objectives of this study were to compare turbidity and suspended solid (SS) removals; correlate SS and turbidity of the secondary and filter effluents; determine the effect of chemical addition on filters' performances; study special features of the filters; determine headloss and backwash requirements; assess reliability of th...