Traditional small mammal survey methods (e.g., Sherman traps) are beneficial in certain conditions but tend to require substantial effort and funds and can introduce various biases. The recently described AHDriFT Camera Trap System (i.e., camera traps combined with drift fences) can survey small terrestrial vertebrates and does not require much time in the field. Our objective was to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of AHDriFT systems and traditional Sherman traps for surveying small mammal communities. Surveys with both methods were conducted in four sites of varying habitat types at the Eagle Marsh Nature Preserve (Fort Wayne, IN, USA) from February to July in 2020 and May to August in 2021. We conducted 640 trap nights (one trap set on one calendar night) of Sherman trap surveys and 551 trap nights of AHDriFT system surveys. We captured 192 small mammals of 3 species with Sherman traps and obtained 532 images of unique small mammal individuals of 7 species with AHDriFT systems. Our AHDriFT systems resulted in two times greater species richness (Z = −6.21, P < 0.01), 16 times greater species evenness (Z = −4.83, P < 0.01), and 23 times greater Shannon’s diversity values (Z = −4.87, P < 0.01) than Sherman traps. The AHDriFT systems also documented the presence of four species that the Sherman traps did not (northern short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda, common shrew Sorex cinereus, long-tailed weasel Neogale frenata, eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus). Overall, AHDriFT system surveys provided 1.5–5 times more observations per dollar spent and required 90% less time in the field than Sherman trap surveys. These results suggest that AHDriFT systems may be a more efficient and effective method of surveying small mammal communities.