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The study of vapor-liquid equilibria with volatile components consists of the determination of the compositions of the two phases in equilibrium, the pressure and the temperature. The chief difficulty is the attainment of equilibrium with enough of the vapor phase for analysis. It seemed to us highly desirable to combine the principle of the Cottrell pump2 with continuous circulation of the distillate through a "hold-up trap" as devised by Sameshima.3 An attempt to modify the apparatus of Swietoslawski4 led to failure because the insertion of a trap necessitates pumping too high a column of liquid. Our final apparatus is also closely related in principle to those of Carveth5 and of Rosanoff, Lamb and Breithut.6 It was copied, with some modifications, from that described by Chilton.7 The Equilibrium Still The still is shown in Fig. 1. As the liquid in the outer boiler E boils the vapor passes through the tube G into the inner boiler F. Part passes through the pump H(1) Most of the apparatus except the still itself was set up by Dr.. H. Gilmann (present address, City Chemical Corp., New York City). The final touches, most of the calibrations and the design of the still were carried out by C. L. Raymond (present address, Shell Petroleum Company, St. Louis), in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

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