RESUMENLa obesidad es una enfermedad crónica, considerada un factor de riesgo importante en el desarrollo de enfermedad coronaria, hipertensión, insuficiencia y fallo renal.La obesidad contribuye a la hipertensión por mecanismos tales como: resistencia insulínica e hiperinsulinemia, aumento de la actividad adrenérgica y de las concentraciones de aldosterona, retención de sodio y agua e incremento del gasto cardíaco, alteración de la función endotelial, a través de moléculas como leptina y adiponectina y factores genéticos. Quedan aún abiertas muchas vías de investigación.Los IECA y/o los ARA II son fármacos de primera elección por su efecto beneficioso sobre la resistencia insulínica y actividad simpática.Palabras clave. Hipertensión. Obesidad. Hiperinsulinemia. Sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona. Leptina. Adiponectina. ABSTRACTObesity is a chronic disease, considered to be an important risk factor in the development of coronary disease, hypertension, renal insufficiency and failure.Obesity contributes to hypertension by mechanisms such as: insulinic resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, increase of adrenergic activity and of concentrations of aldosterone, retention of sodium and water and increase of cardiac wear, alteration of the endothelial function, through molecules such as leptin and adiponectin and genetic factors. Many paths of research remain open.The angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and/or the angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA II) are first choice medicines because of their beneficial effect on insulinic resistance and sympathetic activity.
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