Aluminum ferricyanide batteries based on aqueous solution-phase alkaline ferricyanide cathodes and solid aluminum anodes are introduced and investigated. The battery is expressed by aluminum oxidation and ferricyanide reduction for an overall battery discharge consisting of AI + 3 OH-+ 3Fe(CN)~ --> AI(OH)s + 3Fe(CN)64Ece, = 2.8 V

A dual-channel aluminum hydrogen peroxide battery is introduced with an open-circuit voltage of 1.9 volts, polarization losses of 0.9 mV cm 2 mA -~, and power densities of 1 W/cm 2. Catholyte and anolyte cell compartments are separated by an Ir/Pd modified porous nickel cathode. Separation of cathoiyte and anolyte chambers prevents hydrogen peroxide poisoning of the aluminum anode. The battery is expressed by aluminum oxidation and aqueous solution phase hydrogen peroxide reduction for an overall battery discharge consisting ofThe search for electrical propulsion sources which fit the requirements for electrically powered vehicles has blurred the standard characteristics associated with electrochemical storage systems. Presently, electrochemical systems comprised of mechanically rechargeable primary batteries, secondary batteries, and fuel cells are candidates for electrochemical propulsion sources. While important advances in energy and power density continue for nonaqueous and molten electrolytes, 1 aqueous electrolyte batteries often have an advantage in simplicity, conductivity, cost effectiveness, and environmental impact. Systems coupling aluminum anodes and aqueous electrolytes have been investigated. These systems include: aluminum/silver oxide, aluminum/manganese dioxide, aluminum air, aluminum/hydrogen peroxide aqueous batteries, ~ and the recently introduced aluminum/ferricyanide 2 and aluminum sulfur aqueous batteries. 3Conventional aqueous systems such as the nickel cadmium and lead-acid batteries are characterized by their relatively low energy densities and adverse environmental impact. As seen in Table I,

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