The aim of this study was to identify factors related to lip cancer (LC) considering individual characteristics and sociodemographic factors. A case -control study was carried out in the province of Granada (Andalusia, southern Spain). The cases were 105 males with squamous-cell carcinoma of the lip, diagnosed between 1987 and 1989 (aged 20 -70 years) and identified by means of a populationbased Cancer Registry. As controls, a randomised populational sample of 239 males, stratified by age, was used. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors are lifetime cumulative tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption. An interaction was found between alcohol consumption and the smoking habit (leaving the cigarette on the lip): OR ¼ 23.6; 95% CI: 3.9 -142.0. Other risk factors identified are clear eyes (OR ¼ 3.5; CI: 95% 1.5 -8.0), sun exposure early in life and cumulative sun exposure during outdoor work (OR ¼ 11.9; 95%: CI: 1.3 -108.9), and skin reaction to sun exposure (Fitzpatrick levels). Another interaction was found between skin reaction and a previous history of common sporadic warts (OR ¼ 4.4; 95% CI: 1.01 -19.1). We conclude that LC is related to phenotype, skin reaction to sun exposure, cumulative and early sunlight exposure, and tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as a low educational level. Leaving the cigarette on the lip is predictive of LC risk irrespective of cumulative tobacco consumption.

Wound healing was induced in the deep corneal stroma by means of PMMA segment implantation in a new animal model developed in hens.

a b s t r a c tThe objective of this work was to evaluate the potential use of less stiff materials based on acrylic copolymers of methyl methacrylate/2-ethylhexyl acrylate (MMA/EHA) as devices to correct, stabilize and improve the effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) intracorneal ring segments. MMA/EHA and PMMA intracorneal ring segments were surgically implanted in the corneas of Lohmann Classic hens. The effects of the intracorneal ring segments were assessed by optical measurements and corneal tolerance was evaluated through biomicroscopic examination over a 90-day observation period and by conventional histology. The experimental results demonstrated that the intracorneal ring segments made of MMA/EHA copolymers provided a significant change in the corneal curvature and an improved in vivo response compared to those obtained for PMMA rings, which was attributed to the higher flexibility of the copolymeric materials, indicating that these systems might be considered suitable as an alternative to those currently used, for application in clinical practice.

No abstract

Purpose To evaluate the reversibility of the clinical and histological changes induced in the corneas of an animal model after removing intracorneal ring segment (ICRS). Methods We performed surgery for this study in 30 eyes (15 hens) of an experimental animal model of ICRS surgery(Ferrara technique) previously described by us. The animals were randomized in 5 groups, in all of them, we implanted one segment in each eye and was removed in 3 months. Each Group was processed at different time points for clinical and histological analysis,7 days (first group)15 days (second group), 1 month (third group), 2 months (fourth group), and 3 months( fifth group). For histological analysis hematoxilin eosine and Masson Trichromic stains were made. Clinical evaluation was made with a surgical microscope. Results Explantation was performed correctly in all cases, no complications were found. Histological analysis:At 7 days we observed hipercelularity and abnormal conformation of the collagen fibres, which at 15 days change to normal, with persistente of the hipercelularity.Later, at 3 months the hipercelularity decreased to normal values similar to preoperative. As regards clinical evaluation:in the first weeks we observed deposits of cells and a moderate degree of corneal opacity( haze) around the space where the ICRS was implanted, signs which decreased progressively. At 3 months neither deposits of cells nor corneal opacity were found. Conclusion ICRS are safety explanted from non‐pathologic corneas of an experimental animal model.Most of the clinical and histological findings returned to near preimplantation levels.