Background: Treatment options for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) infections were limited. We assessed the e cacy of ceftazidimeavibactam (CAZ-AVI) and aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) against a selection of 76 S. maltophilia out of the 1179 strains isolated from the First A liated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2011-2018. Methods: We investigated the antimicrobial resistance pro les of the 1179 S. maltophilia clinical isolates from the rst a liated hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2011-2018, a collection of 76 isolates of which were available for further study of microbiological characterization. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), aztreonam (ATM) and aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) were determined via the broth microdilution method.

The analysis of biological fluids is crucial for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases causing effusions and helps in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. The possibility of carrying out cytological and microbiological analyses of biological fluid samples on the same automated machine would simplify the sample circuit (addressing the sample in a single laboratory, 24/7).

The analysis of biological fluids is crucial for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases causing effusions and helps in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. The gold standard method for cell count in biological fluids is the manual method using counting chambers. The microbiological routine procedures consist of Direct Gram staining and culture on solid or liquid media. We evaluate the analytical performance of SYSMEX UF4000 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) and Sysmex XN10 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) in comparison with cytological and microbiological routine procedures. A total of 526 biological fluid samples were included in this study (42 ascitic, 31 pleural, 31 peritoneal, 125 cerebrospinal, 281 synovial, and 16 peritoneal dialysis fluids). All samples were analysed by flow cytometry and subsequently processed following cytological and/or microbiological routine procedures. With regards to cell counts, UF4000 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) showed a performance which was at least equivalent to those of the reference methods and superior to those of XN10 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). Moreover, the bacterial count obtained with UF4000 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) was significantly higher among culture or Direct Gram stain positive samples. We established 3 optimal cut-off points to predict Direct Gram stain positive samples for peritoneal (465.0 bacteria/µL), synovial (1200.0 bacteria/µL), and cerebrospinal fluids (17.2 bacteria/µL) with maximum sensitivity and negative predictive values. Cell count and detection of bacteria by flow cytometry could be used upstream cytological and microbiological routine procedures to improve and accelerate the diagnosis of infection of biological fluid samples.