these results suggest a possible beneficial role of hydroxyethyl starches in the inhibition of endothelial activation thus preventing neutrophil adhesion during sepsis syndrome.

In patients with stable coronary artery disease, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril does not affect either sympathovagal balance or the endogenous fibrinolytic system. Our data suggest that the sympathoadrenal system may modify fibrinolytic activity, judged by the response to beta-adrenoreceptor blockade with bisoprolol.

Ferric maltol is a novel ferric iron compound with potential use as an oral therapy for iron deficiency anaemia. Using a single, low dose iron absorption test we compared absorption of ferric maltol with absorption of ferrous sulphate in 21 iron deficient subjects. Absorption of 10 mg of ferric maltol as either aqueous solution or a single tablet compared favourably with that of an equivalent dose of ferrous sulphate. At a higher, more therapeutic dose of 60 mg elemental iron as tablets, absorption of ferric maltol appeared to be both more rapid and total absorption greater, than that seen with ferrous sulphate. We conclude that iron from ferric maltol, both at low dose and higher, more therapeutic doses, is at least as well absorbed as from ferrous sulphate. Ferric maltol is the first ferric iron formulation to be absorbed to a degree equivalent to that of ferrous iron salts and may represent a viable form of administration for ferric iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia.

Microbicidal and cytocidal products of the respiratory burst and integrin adhesion molecule expression have been studied in monocytes from patients who received rHuGM-CSF during regeneration after high-dose chemotherapy. In this study, administration of rHuGM-CSF after high-dose chemotherapy significantly augmented the secretion of inducible products of the monocyte respiratory burst. Monocyte activation persisted for several weeks after the cessation of GM-CSF therapy. Under in vitro conditions that mimicked gram-negative (LPS) and gram-positive (opsonized Staphylococcus aureus) sepsis, the monocyte responded to such stimulation by exhibiting an enhanced release of hydrogen peroxide at both regeneration and several weeks later (P < 0.001). Similarly, GM-CSF administration significantly augmented the phenotypic expression of the beta 2-integrin adhesion molecules and allowed the leucocyte-specific selectin, LAM-1, and the beta 2-integrins to respond normally to inflammatory stimulation by LPS. We further present evidence that GM-CSF therapy restored the otherwise refractory status of monocytes to inflammatory stimulation that existed in those patients given chemotherapy alone. The restoration of monocyte responsiveness by GM-CSF following high-dose chemotherapy could be a potentially valuable and hitherto not described action of rHuGM-CSF on monocyte function. We conclude that administration of GM-CSF may have the potential for restoring as well as augmenting the anti-microbial and anti-tumour function of the monocyte after high-dose chemotherapy.