This research discusses the properties of hybrid materials formed by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) of different weight ratios, by the sol-gel process, to evaluate the feasibility of its application to process-dyed nylon fabrics. After using equipment including FTIR, 13 C-NMR, and SEM, it was shown that PVP and SiO 2 are connected by hydrogen bonds, further showing the existence of special functional groups and the porous structure in hybrid materials. The pore size of the hybrid materials, specific volume of pores, and the specific surface area increased with increasing weight ratio of TEOS. In addition, the TGA testing results showed that the thermoresistance of hybrid materials can be improved. The color of the treated fabrics darkened if dyed nylon fabrics were treated by hybrid materials. When using metal complex acid dye for certain fabrics, when hybrid materials were used in finishing, there was significant improvement to the fabric's hygroscopicity and its colorfastness against chlorine.

A 2,6-dimethylphenol-dipentene dicyanate ester (DPCY) was synthesized from the reaction of 2,6-dimethylphenol-dipentene adduct and cyanogen bromide. The proposed structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental analysis, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. DPCY was then cured by itself or cured with bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCY). Thermal properties of cured epoxy resins were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), dielectric analysis (DEA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These data are compared with those of BADCY. The cured DPCY exhibits a lower dielectric constant (2.61 at 1 MHz), dissipation factor (29.3 mU at 1 MHz), thermal stability (5% degradation temperature and char yield are 429 degreesC and 17.64%, respectively), glass transition temperature (246 degreesC by TMA and 258 T by DMA), coefficient of thermal expansion (33.6 ppm before Tg and 134.1 ppm after Tg), and moisture absorption (0.95% at 48 h) than those of BADCY, but higher moduli (5.12 GPa at 150 degreesC and 4.60 GPa at 150 degreesC) than those of the bisphenol A system. The properties of cured cocyanate esters lie between cured BADCY and DPCY, except for moduli. Moduli of some cocyanate esters are even higher than those of cured BADCY and DPCY. A positive deviation from the Fox equation was observed for cocyanate esters. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

The aim of this study was to synthesize copolymers from N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NVP) and acrylamide (AM) at different molar ratios and investigate the influence of the different ratios on copolymers' properties. How copolymers affect the washing and stain‐repelling effects of carbon black, PET, Nylon, or cotton fabrics was also evaluated. Results show that as the AM content increased, the copolymers decomposed more slowly by heat, indicating better heat stability. In addition, copolymers were characterized as lowering surface tension and having excellent dispersing ability, low foaming properties, and excellent acid and alkaline resistance. The addition of copolymer can produce stain‐repelling effects against carbon black, PET, or Nylon‐colored fabrics. It was also determined that fabrics' stain‐repelling effects have no significant relationship to the NVP/AM molar ratio in copolymer synthesis. However, carbon black has better stain repellence as the AM monomer content increased. Two types of stain repellence gave better results when a higher concentration of copolymer was added. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2006