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The relationship between growth and biological sulfur reduction for the extremely thermophilic archaebacterium Pyrodictium occultum was studied over a temperature range of 98 to 105°C. The addition of yeast extract (0.2 g/liter) to the medium was found to increase hydrogen sulfide production significantly, especially at higher temperatures. Sulfide production in uninoculated controls with and without yeast extract was noticeable but substantially below the levels observed in samples containing the microorganism.