A few of the known associations between paediatric cancer and ,congenital anomalies are attributable to contiguous-gene syndromes. Neuroblastoma (NB) has been linked with an excess of gastrointestinal malformations, but there is a significant scarcity of associated respiratory anomalies. We report on two chi1-dren having an abdominal NB and a bronchogenic cyst diagnosed simultaneously and in different order of appearance. Both masses were removed in separated procedures, taking into account the priority and the time sequence of chemotherapy. literature is reviewed, checking that the genetic basis for this association is supported by speculations about the oncogene RON.

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Among the European policies focused on increasing the railways market share versus other transportation modals, deregulation policies are the most relevant. The aim of this article is to contrast if these deregulation policies developed in European railways systems are working from the efficiency perspective. The main contribution of the paper is the use of a liberalization index that is related with efficiency indexes estimated by Programmatic Efficiency methodology. Results using aggregated data show empirical evidence of a positive association between deregulation and efficiency. However results analyzing each individual railway system do not show an evident relationship, so it is not possible to set an optimal deregulation level or even a management model that can be used as a reference in efficiency terms.