Background: Anemia is a major preventable public health concern among the pregnant women worldwide. The present study aims at determining the prevalence of anemia among tribal pregnant women at Trivandrum district, Kerala and identifying its socioeconomic and gynaecological risk factors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among tribal women attending antenatal clinics of Vithura and Kuttichal Government hospitals at Kerala, India. Sample size was calculated as 117. All consecutive subjects fitting the inclusion criteria were included in the study until the sample size was achieved. Patients were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire which includes socio demographic, cultural and nutritional factors. Hemoglobin measurement was done while first antenatal visit using semi auto hemo-analyzer. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical test used was either Chi-square test or student t-test.Results: The prevalence of anemia among the tribal pregnant women attending primary health care in Trivandrum during the study tenure was 53.33%. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was observed as 26.66%, 25% and 1.66% respectively. The mean serum haemoglobin level among the study group was found to be 10.64 gm%. The major risk factors associated with anemia were figured out to be low body mass index, low family income, high parity, joint family, exposure to passive smoking and pan chewing, irregular intake of iron and folic acid supplements, hyperemesis and absence of deworming.Conclusions: Focus shall be given on creating awareness among tribal women regarding the need for dietary and lifestyle modification to decrease the prevalence of anemia among them.

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Introduction:Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune condition characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. A failure or significant delay in recognizing APS as the underlying disease entity may leave to the loss of an opportunity to prevent serious consequences of the disease particularly venous and arterial thrombotic events. Aim of the Study: To find out the prevalence of antiphospholipid syndromeamong women with adverse pregnancy outcome in a tertiary care centre. Methodology: Patients registered in O &G Department SAT Hospital, Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala with adverse pregnancy outcomes meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study. They were followed up in the postnatal ward after abortion and preterm delivery as per protocol for bad obstetrics outcome evaluation. They were offered lab test in standard labs for APL Syndrome especially LAC and anti-cardiolipin antibodies IgM & IgG. Those tested positive were retested 12 weeks later also to confirm the test. Results: In the present study, out of 216 cases of patients with adverse pregnancy outcome, 27 cases were found to be APLA positive giving a prevalence of 12.5%. In APLA positive cases LAC & ACLA were found to be positive in 11 cases each i. e 40.7% and in 5 cases both LAC & ACLA were positive i.e. 18.6%. Conclusion: The important message is that even if a patient who is suspected clinically of APS does not fully satisfy the strict classification criteria, she may still have APS and require appropriate management including anticoagulation.