When exercising for a very long period of time, sweating will occur and other physiological responses such as dehydration, decrease blood glucose, increase in heart rate, loss of electrolytes, fatigue etc which will lead to a decrease in exercise performance. Hence, there is an important function of rehydrating the body with fluids (sport drinks) containing electrolytes and carbohydrates to improve exercise endurance and performance. In this study examined the effects of effect of home made fruit drink (coconut and pineapple) on exercise endurance time of young adult females, (age: 17-26 years) of their height ranges (1.53-1.74 meters), weight ranges (42-98kg) and their BMI ranges (16.41-35.25 kg/m 2) jogged at designated points for 45 minutes. After the 45 minutes exercise, they rested for 10 minutes and were administered the different drinks (control 1(water), control 2 (lucozade sport drink) and test sample (home-made coconut-pineapple fruit drink)). After administering the drinks, their heart rates and blood pressures were taken and measured then they rested for 5 minutes. After a period of rest for 15 minutes in total, they continued the exercise till they were exhausted. The result indicated that the home made coconut-pineapple fruit drink observed to have an effect on the endurance time as well as the lucozade sport isotonic drink, while water was observed not to improve the endurance time.

Despite the Global effort that have been intensified greatly, especially over the past two decades, the incidence of tuberculosis is in increase with about 2 billion infected individuals (WHO, 2014). This work sorts to add to the available knowledge of the effects anti-tuberculosis drugs have on various physiological systems with specific interest on the hematological parameters and serum protein level. This study was carried out using 24 male wistar rats weighing within the range of 150-200 g. These animals were randomly separated into four groups of eight rats each. One of these groups is the control group (fed with just feed and water) and the other two groups (labeled group1 and group 2) are the experimental groups receiving an administration of 22.5mg/kg and 45mg/kg respectively of the FCD anti tb drug solution used for this study. After 21 days of administration of the drug solution at the specified dosage, blood sample was collected and the sample was analyzed to obtain some hematological parameters and the serum protein (this includes, total protein and serum albumin), then the serum globulin was calculated.

While paracetamol is described as relatively nontoxic when administered in therapeutic doses, it is known to cause toxicity when taken in a single or repeated high dose, or after chronic ingestion. Adverse events typically associated with paracetamol intoxication include acute liver failure (ALF), centrilobular hepatic necrosis, renal tubular necrosis and hypoglycemic coma. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) has been used both as source of nutrition and medicinally worldwide. A total of 25 adult male Wistar rats weighing 100g-200g were used for this study. The animals were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. 1000mg/kg/body weight of paracetamol was given for 3 days to induce liver damage in groups BE. Group A served as the normal control group and received feed and water throughout the period of the experiment. Group B served as negative control group and received feeds and water throughout the period of the experiment, but no treatment with the extract. Group C, D and E received 150mg, 300mg and 500mg/kg of the extract for 21 days. All data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using t-test, one-way ANOVA and POST HOC LSD using SPSS version 20. Differences between means were regarded significant at P<0.05. Data were expressed as mean + standard error of mean (SEM). The result showed a significant increase in AST in Group E (P<0.05) when compared to Group A. However, there was a decrease in Group C when compared to Group B. Also, there was a significant increase in ALT in Group D (P<0.05) and Group E (P<0.05), when compared to Group A. However, there was a decrease in Group C for both AST and ALT when compared to Group B. From this study, it can be said that aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale has a little correction effect on Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in small doses. However, it can exert a serious toxic effect on the liver with increased dosage. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is the most commonly used antipyretic and pain reliever and since 1955 has been available over-the-counter as a

L-lysine is an essential amino acid found in most protein food sources, in particular high-protein foods such as eggs, meat, soybean, milk and fish. This amino acid has been reported to have an indirect antioxidant property. Antioxidants are known to have gastroprotective property. This study examined the effect of L-lysine pre-treatment on indomethacin induced ulceration in male Wistar rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were used for this study and were randomly divided into two study groups of twenty five (25) animals each. The first subgroup was used for the anti-ulcer studies; antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and MDA), Nitric oxide, parietal cell count, and the mean ulcer score, while the second subgroup was used for the gastric mucus secretion study. Each subgroup was divided into five groups with five animals per group namely: Control, Omeprazole (20 mg/kg), L-lysine (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). The results showed that l-lysine pre-treatment significantly increased SOD activity and reduced MDA levels but with no significant change in catalase activity. NO levels in the treated groups were significantly higher than in the control. Gastric mucus secretion was significantly increased and the Original Research Article