An outbreak of immature paramphistomosis in Nellore Jodipi sheep was recorded in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh in 158 sheep during the months of April-June-2012. The condition is diagnosed as immature paramphistomosis on the basis of symptoms, dung sample examination and necropsy findings. The infected sheep exhibited symptoms like persistent foetid, blackish diarrhoea, sub maxillary edema, dehydration and death. Necropsy findings include hemorrhagic thickening and necrosis of proximal duodenal mucosa, ascites, gelatinization of subcutaneous and renal fat. Duodenal scrapings revealed large number of immature paramphistomes under low power microscopy. Recovery of ailing sheep was observed after oral treatment of niclosamide @ of 100 mg/kg bwt along with supportive therapy.

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Cardiac hydatidosis constitutes about 0.5-2% of all hydatid diseases. The interventricular septum is involved in 4% of cardiac hydatidosis cases. We demonstrate the surgical management of a large (76 x 66 mm) septal hydatid cyst in a 20-year-old man. The hydatid cyst was approached through a right ventriculotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass. The germinative membrane was removed in toto. The cavity was then obliterated to prevent recurrence of the cyst. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst. The patient remains asymptomatic with echocardiographic and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of freedom from disease at the 3-month follow-up.

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Original Research Article Purpose: Shoulder pain is the third most common disorder of musculoskeletal system affecting 15-20% of the general population. Among these Adhesive capsulitis or Frozen shoulder is the most common. The purpose of the study was to find out the effectiveness of High Energy Advanced Laser Therapy (HEALTH) along with Mobilization techniques on improving pain and functional ability in patients with Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder. Methods: Subjects diagnosed with Adhesive capsulitis & refer for Physiotherapy treatment were recruited in this study. Subjects willing to be the part of study were divided into two groups. This Interventional study was conducted to assess effectiveness of physiotherapy treatment between two groups. In Group A, subjects were intervened by HEALTH (High Energy Advanced Laser Therapy) and Mobilization techniques along with supervised exercises for 4 weeks. The other Group B with 15 patients were treated with Mobilization techniques and supervised active exercises only. Beside these both the groups were also doing conventional active exercises for Adhesive capsulitis on regular basis twice a day. All the patients underwent intervention for four weeks and were assessed shoulder ROM, pains using Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) of total 40 points and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) of total 130 points before and after treatment. The collected data were converted in percentage score and entered at Microsoft Excel 2007 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated along with graphical and tabular presentations. For inferential statistics Student t-test and paired t-test were used to find out the significant difference between inter and intra groups respectively. Results: Out of 30 patients 19 (63.33%) female and 11 (36.66%) male with the mean and standard deviation of age was 51.33 ± 8.81 years. The total SPADI score in percentage before and after treatment of both the groups were 70.45±10.60 to 41.37±11.37 in Group A (p<0.001) and 69.31±12.98 to 53.436±8.98 in Group B (p<0.006) respectively and it was found to be significantly reduced and also statistically significant. Similarly, percentage pain score on NPRS reduced significantly from 76.66±9.37 to 38.33±8.48 in Group A (p<0.001) and 64.66±10.08 to 51.5±10.64 in Group B (p<0.001) respectively. But it was also found that Group A treatment had more reduced in percentages of pain than in post treatment measure by Group B, and it was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that HEALTH (High Energy Advanced Laser Therapy) and Mobilization techniques in combination is more effective than Mobilization techniques and supervised active exercises only, in reducing pain and improving shoulder functional ability in subjects with Adhesive capabilities of shoulder.